. Development of a portable sand trap for use in the nearshore. Littoral drift; Oceanographic instruments; Sedimentation and deposition. Figure A9. Arnhem (Dutch) pressure-difference bed-load sampler (Hubbell 1964) Sampler (Helley and Smith 1971; Druffel et al. 1976; Emmett 1976; Johnson et al. 1977; Emmett and Thomas 1978; Emmett 1980; Emmett 1981; Emmett, Leopold, and Myrick 1983). The VUV bed-load sampler was developed in 1957 based on the Goncarov and Karolyi types of samplers. The sampler consists of a full metal streamlined exterior with a wire mesh on the rear top part of the apparatus
. Development of a portable sand trap for use in the nearshore. Littoral drift; Oceanographic instruments; Sedimentation and deposition. Figure A9. Arnhem (Dutch) pressure-difference bed-load sampler (Hubbell 1964) Sampler (Helley and Smith 1971; Druffel et al. 1976; Emmett 1976; Johnson et al. 1977; Emmett and Thomas 1978; Emmett 1980; Emmett 1981; Emmett, Leopold, and Myrick 1983). The VUV bed-load sampler was developed in 1957 based on the Goncarov and Karolyi types of samplers. The sampler consists of a full metal streamlined exterior with a wire mesh on the rear top part of the apparatus to facilitate flow exiting the sampler. The shape of the sampler was designed to compensate for the resistance of the apparatus. Novak (1957) measured the hydraulic and sediment-trapping efficiencies of several types of samplers, including the VUV, S (mesh), Karolyi, Nesper (Figure A7), and Ehren- berger. Hydraulic efficiencies of the VUV and Karolyi samplers were calculated at and , respectively. Ambient sediment trapping efficiencies were measured in a flume using a pit sampler. Conclusions from the experiment were as follows: (a) sediment trapping efficiency of the VUV sampler may increase slightly with grain size; (b) all samplers retain representative samples; (c) efficiency may increase slightly as flow increases; and (d) the hydraulic efficiency only gives a qualitative measure of sediment- trapping efficiency. Sediment-trapping efficiencies for the samplers were as follows: VUV sampler, ; S(mesh) sampler, ; Karolyi, ; Nesper, ; and Ehren- berger, Lee (1975) and Pickrill (1986) used the VUV sampler in the coastal environment, and their studies are discussed in the coastal section. The Helley-Smith sampler, perhaps the most extensively studied sediment A14. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfect
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