. Johnson's new universal cyclopaedia : a scientific and popular treasury of useful knowledge. the crusaders held , Abbassides, and Fatimites took their turns inruling it from Damascu?, Bagdad, and Cairo as their cap-itals; Christians were more or less persecuted from time totime, and the Church of the Holy Sepulchre was repeatedlydestroyed and rebuilt; but Christian pilgrims continued tovisit the Holy City, paying tribute to the Moslem rulersfor the privilege. In 1090, after a Turkish tribe had hada brief possession of the city, and had shown unusual se-verity to the Christians, bu
. Johnson's new universal cyclopaedia : a scientific and popular treasury of useful knowledge. the crusaders held , Abbassides, and Fatimites took their turns inruling it from Damascu?, Bagdad, and Cairo as their cap-itals; Christians were more or less persecuted from time totime, and the Church of the Holy Sepulchre was repeatedlydestroyed and rebuilt; but Christian pilgrims continued tovisit the Holy City, paying tribute to the Moslem rulersfor the privilege. In 1090, after a Turkish tribe had hada brief possession of the city, and had shown unusual se-verity to the Christians, but had now been supplanted bythe Egyptian khalif, the crusaders appeared before Jeru-salem. In six weeks the city was in their hands and God-frey of Bouillon elected its king. It remained in the handsof the Christians till Salah-ed-din (Saladin), the sultan ofEgypt, reconquered it in 1187. Thrice afterward the citywas for a short time in Christian hands. In 1617 it fellinto the hands of Selim, the Turkish conqueror of Egypt,and remains in possession of his successor, the sultan, tothis III. ToiuiinAiHY.—From thchistory of Jerusalem, brietlygiven above, it may readily be seen that its internal topog-raphy cannot be very accurately determined. Especiallywere the demolitions by Titus and Hadrian so completethat all traces of detail, even in the general surface of theground, must be well nigh impossible. Hills were loweredand valleys filled up. ancl buildings reared upon ruins andof material afiurded by other ruins. This, with the ordinarychanges and decays of iiOOO years, must make the internaltopography of the city a puzzling problem. With the outertopograjihy of the city the conditions are different. Theeastern, southern, and western limits are accurately definedby the deep ravines of the Kedr4in and the Bene-Hinnom,and beyond these the Mount of Olives, the Hill of EvilCouncil, and the western heights remain as David musthave seen them, so far as their natural features go
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