. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. ACETYLCHOLINE AND THE VENUS HEART 51. FIGURE 3. Responses of the heart to 30-second cathodal and anodal stimuli of various voltages. B. Direct current stimulation The responses of the Venus heart to constant currents are similar to those of the Helix heart as reported by Arvanitaki (1938) and Arvanitaki and Cardot (1933), and those of the heart of Mytilus observed by Jullien and Marduel (1938a). Figure 3 shows the responses to 30 second cathodal and anodal stimuli of various voltages. It can be seen that the cathodal stimuli
. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. ACETYLCHOLINE AND THE VENUS HEART 51. FIGURE 3. Responses of the heart to 30-second cathodal and anodal stimuli of various voltages. B. Direct current stimulation The responses of the Venus heart to constant currents are similar to those of the Helix heart as reported by Arvanitaki (1938) and Arvanitaki and Cardot (1933), and those of the heart of Mytilus observed by Jullien and Marduel (1938a). Figure 3 shows the responses to 30 second cathodal and anodal stimuli of various voltages. It can be seen that the cathodal stimuli increase the frequency of the beat and the tonus of the heart, while anodal current decreases the frequency and at higher voltages decreases the tonus. Lastly, while both anodal and cathodal stimuli decrease the amplitude, at any given voltage anodal stimulation is more effective. Following strong DC currents, there is a brief reaction which resembles the response to current of the opposite polarity. This is also noticeable in Figure 7a and 7b where, after anelectrotonus, there is a strong contraction followed by a brief period of increased frequency, and after catelectrotonus there is an immediate relaxation followed by a brief period of decreased frequency. These responses are reminiscent of the post-cathodal and post-anodal overshooting of vertebrate nerve following electrotonus, reported by Lorente de No (1947) and will be referred to as post-cathodal and post-anodal responses. These results suggested that the. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Marine Biological Laboratory (Woods Hole, Mass. ); Marine Biological Laboratory (Woods Hole, Mass. ). Annual report 1907/08-1952; Lillie, Frank Rattray, 1870-1947; Moore, Carl Richard, 1892-; Redfield, Alfred Clarence, 1890-1983. Woods Hole, Mass. :
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