. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. T. P. NOREKIAN AND R. A. SATTERLIE B RC AB RA3 J Figure 6. (A) Contralateral CAB neurons are electrically coupled as demonstrated by applying depolarizing or hyperpolarizing square current pulses to one neuron and recording similar responses simultaneously in the contralateral neuron. Scale bars = 15 mV, 2 s. (B) Activation of A neurons produced inhibitory' inputs in CAB neurons. Scale bars = 10 mV, 1 s. sumably producing a significant increase in blood pressure inside the head. Subsequent sudden inhibition of the re- tracto
. The Biological bulletin. Biology; Zoology; Biology; Marine Biology. T. P. NOREKIAN AND R. A. SATTERLIE B RC AB RA3 J Figure 6. (A) Contralateral CAB neurons are electrically coupled as demonstrated by applying depolarizing or hyperpolarizing square current pulses to one neuron and recording similar responses simultaneously in the contralateral neuron. Scale bars = 15 mV, 2 s. (B) Activation of A neurons produced inhibitory' inputs in CAB neurons. Scale bars = 10 mV, 1 s. sumably producing a significant increase in blood pressure inside the head. Subsequent sudden inhibition of the re- tractor neurons and, therefore, relaxation of retractor muscles would lead to a very forceful and rapid ejection of hemocoelic fluid from the head into cone cavities and to inflation of buccal cones. Behavioral observations with high-speed cinematographic analyses show an initial bulging of the head immediately prior to buccal cone ex- trusion (Hermans and Satterlie, 1992), supporting the hy- pothesis of co-activation of antagonistic muscle groups. Similar mechanisms underlying powerful and rapid re- actions have been found in other animals. In the locust, energy for the jump is stored in the elastic elements of the leg during a short period of co-contraction of hindleg extensor and flexor muscles. A sudden inhibition of flexor activity transfers the stored energy to rapid extension movements of the hindlegs (Heitler and Burrows, 1977). For an analogy based on fluid pressure, we can look at the mammalian heart. During the brief isometric con- traction phase of the ventricles, when both sets of ven- RB1. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Marine Biological Laboratory (Woods Hole, Mass. ); Marine Biological Laboratory (Woods Hole, Mass. ). Annual report 1907/08-1952; Lillie, Frank Rattray, 1870-1947; Mo
Size: 1923px × 1299px
Photo credit: © Library Book Collection / Alamy / Afripics
License: Licensed
Model Released: No
Keywords: ., bookauthorlilliefrankrat, booksubjectbiology, booksubjectzoology
