. Electric railway journal . arried in stock, thus eliminat-ing delays that occasionally occur in emergencies. Afterall these advantages are taken into consideration andour experience with these standard layouts during thepast five years, we feel very well repaid for our workin preparing standards, and we know that we are in amuch better position for making original layouts orrenewals than we were before their adoption. Results Obtained with Roller Bearingson Interurban Cars BY W. B. VOTH AND A. C. METCALFE Respectively Chief Engineer and Master Mechanic Empire UnitedRailways, Inc., Syracuse,
. Electric railway journal . arried in stock, thus eliminat-ing delays that occasionally occur in emergencies. Afterall these advantages are taken into consideration andour experience with these standard layouts during thepast five years, we feel very well repaid for our workin preparing standards, and we know that we are in amuch better position for making original layouts orrenewals than we were before their adoption. Results Obtained with Roller Bearingson Interurban Cars BY W. B. VOTH AND A. C. METCALFE Respectively Chief Engineer and Master Mechanic Empire UnitedRailways, Inc., Syracuse, N. Y. Never in the history of the electric railway industryhas the necessity for economy been emphasized as it hasbeen within the past year or two, when gross receiptshave been falling off at an alarming rate and materialand labor costs have continually increased. That theneed for economy is realized is indicated by the nu-merous and heroic efforts which are being made tointroduce economies in directions where it has hereto-. CROSS-SECTION OF ROLLER BEARING fore been thought impossible to improve. Evidence ofthis is shown by the increasing use of very light equip-ment, and by the very rapid adoption of every deviceknown to decrease operating expenses. As a matter offact, there is not a single item tending to produce lowercost which will not get instant and respectful hearing byany electric railway manager, a situation which did notprevail a year or two ago. The revival of general busi-ness and the easing of money credits have made it pos-sible for electric railways to finance improvementswhich could not have been thought of until very recently. There have now been commercially developed severalmakes of roller and ball bearings, and it is most likelythat these devices will do more to introduce economy inthe costs of electric railway operation than almost anyother device. There are many operating officials whohave been surprised to find that the elimination of jour-nal friction h
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