. Elements of modern chemistry . tate, some-times crystallized in regular octaliedra, sometimes in is also found as cuprous oxide, Cu^O, cupric oxide, CuO, andcupric carbonate, CuCO^; but its most abundant minerals arecuprous sulphide, Cu^S (Chalkosine), and a double sulphideof copper and iron, Cu^^S^ designated as copper the name gray copper are also worked various mineralscontaining cuprous sulphide combined with the sulphides ofantimony and arsenic, and in which the copper is sometimesreplaced by iron, zinc, silver, and mercury. Treatment of Copper Ores.—Copper i
. Elements of modern chemistry . tate, some-times crystallized in regular octaliedra, sometimes in is also found as cuprous oxide, Cu^O, cupric oxide, CuO, andcupric carbonate, CuCO^; but its most abundant minerals arecuprous sulphide, Cu^S (Chalkosine), and a double sulphideof copper and iron, Cu^^S^ designated as copper the name gray copper are also worked various mineralscontaining cuprous sulphide combined with the sulphides ofantimony and arsenic, and in which the copper is sometimesreplaced by iron, zinc, silver, and mercury. Treatment of Copper Ores.—Copper is easily extractedfrom cuprous oxide and cupric carbonate. These ores aremelted with charcoal in suitable furnaces, and the metal is atonce obtained. Copper pyrites, which is often mixed withcuprous sulphide, requires a more complicated treatment. Theiron and sulphur must be eliminated, and for this reason theore is subjected to an incomplete roasting. This operation isconducted in a reverberatory furnace (Fig. 111). The flame. Fig. 111. of the fire sweeps the arched vault of the furnace vv. Theopening of the chimney is at C, and the ore is fed in from irontroughs placed above the furnace. COPPER. 345 The first roasting drives out part of the sulphur, and thesulphides of iron and copper are partially converted into oxidesand sulphates. An excess of sulphide remains, and the im-perfectly-roasted ore is fused in presence of silicious scoriae formed in roasting the matt (see farther on) aregenerally added, and sometimes fluor spar, to render the slagmore fusible. This operation is conducted either in cupola-fur-naces or in reverberatory furnaces of peculiar construction. Inpresence of the unattacked sulphide of iron, the cupric oxideformed during the roasting is converted into cupric sulphide, andoxide of iron is formed. The latter unites with the silica, asdoes also the oxide produced by the roasting, both being reducedto ferrous oxide by the reducing gases of the
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1800, bookdecade18, booksubjectchemistry, bookyear1887
