. Railway and locomotive engineering : a practical journal of railway motive power and rolling stock . shed by experts as to the effect ofcertain thicknesses of scale in boilers isvery conflicting, depending as it does onthe degree of hardness of the scale orheat-resisting qualities, but all agree thatthe effect is by far greater than thedegree of attention that is given to itsremedy. Mr. Frank McManamy, for- merly chief Federal inspector of loco-motive boilers, and now head of theDivision of Locomotive Maintenance,claimed at the recent Convention of theInternational Railway Fuel Associationth
. Railway and locomotive engineering : a practical journal of railway motive power and rolling stock . shed by experts as to the effect ofcertain thicknesses of scale in boilers isvery conflicting, depending as it does onthe degree of hardness of the scale orheat-resisting qualities, but all agree thatthe effect is by far greater than thedegree of attention that is given to itsremedy. Mr. Frank McManamy, for- merly chief Federal inspector of loco-motive boilers, and now head of theDivision of Locomotive Maintenance,claimed at the recent Convention of theInternational Railway Fuel Associationthat 1/16 in. of scale will increase thefuel cost approximately 15 per cent., andthat 14 in. of scale will increase the fuelcost 60 per cent. His figures seem high, made less 1,000 miles; 8,312 engines madeover 1,000 miles, and less than 1,500miles, and 20,472 engines made over 1,500miles. The passenger locomotives make30 per cent, greater mileage betweenwash-outs than freight engines. The av-erage number of wash-out plugs inmodern locomotives is 32. Washing outwith hot water costs 35 per cent, less. BOILER INSPECTION TORCH AND ELECTRIC LIGHT. but his estimate remains unchallenged,and he has had excellent advantages incollecting reliable data. As to the efforts made by the leadingrailroads in recent years on the matterof boiler washing, it may be statedbriefly that from recent reports it ap-pears that made less than 500 milesbetween wash-outs, while 11,283 engines than with cold water. Roads usingwater-softening plants report over 100per cent, gain in mileage as comparedwith untreated water. The average costof washing out with cold water is $,and with hot water about $ Theincrusting matter in boiler waters con-sists almost entirely of carbonates oflime and magnesia and sulphates of lime 242 RAILWAY AND LOCOMOTIVE ENGINEERING August, 1918 and magnesia. The carbonates requiretreatment with hydrated lime, and thesulphates require soda ash. While this data is of real v
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