. Amateur fruit growing. A practical guide to the growing of fruit for home use and the market. Written with special reference to colder climates. Fruit-culture. 81 THB APPLE. and from sudden freezing and thawing, and commends itself in every way. The hoxes may be kept filled with soil all the year around, but care should be taken that if the practice Is to be dis- continued that they are not taken off on the approach of winter, but in the spring. In more favorable locations such treatment is unnecessary with hardy kinds, but even in suph places the good effect will be apparent. Top-working.—B
. Amateur fruit growing. A practical guide to the growing of fruit for home use and the market. Written with special reference to colder climates. Fruit-culture. 81 THB APPLE. and from sudden freezing and thawing, and commends itself in every way. The hoxes may be kept filled with soil all the year around, but care should be taken that if the practice Is to be dis- continued that they are not taken off on the approach of winter, but in the spring. In more favorable locations such treatment is unnecessary with hardy kinds, but even in suph places the good effect will be apparent. Top-working.—By top-working is meant the grafting or bud- ding of a tree after it is of some considerable size. The term is used to distinguish such trees from those that are root-grafted. It is here recommended for severe locations and for somewhat tender kinds, such as the Wealthy, which, besides being somewhat tender and liable to sunscald, is weak in the stem and crotches. If this variety is grafted on the branches of the Virginia crab, which is a very hardy sort with strong crotches, a tree is formed that has much of the hardiness of that crab, but at the same time bears Wealthy apples. By this method we may increase the hardiness of trees to a consid- erable degree. Some varieties seem to be better adapted to one stock than to another. The Virginia crab is a stock that is hardy in every particular, and especially desir- able for top-working. It grows rapidly, makes a large tree, and will keep up in rapidity of growth with any of our larger apples. But most of the- larger growing crabs make good stocks for top-working. The Transcendent crab may be successfully used for this purpose. When it is intended to grow an orchard by this method the stocks should be set in the spring, to be budded the following August, or should be grafted the following spring. Figure 59 shows where the grafts should be made. If to be budded the buds should be inserted in about the same positions in the head of
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