. Lateral curvature of the spine and round shoulders . on-cave side larger than normal, and the appearance of displacement tothe convex side is thus increased. If the arch is displaced horizontallyupon the vertebral body, as described above, by the lowering of onepedicle and the elevation of the other the spinous process undergoes a rotation around its own longi-tudinal axis. The irregularityof these appearances may be ex-plained by the pull of the mus-cles, a matter which is at presentimperfectly formulated. Joints between Vertebraeand Ribs.—These of course areof two kinds: first, the jointsb
. Lateral curvature of the spine and round shoulders . on-cave side larger than normal, and the appearance of displacement tothe convex side is thus increased. If the arch is displaced horizontallyupon the vertebral body, as described above, by the lowering of onepedicle and the elevation of the other the spinous process undergoes a rotation around its own longi-tudinal axis. The irregularityof these appearances may be ex-plained by the pull of the mus-cles, a matter which is at presentimperfectly formulated. Joints between Vertebraeand Ribs.—These of course areof two kinds: first, the jointsbetween the heads of the ribsand the sides of the vertebra;second, the joints between thetubercles of the ribs and thetransverse processes. These areboth similarly afiected in severescoliosis, being deepened on theside of the convexity and faintlyindicated on the side of the con-cavity, especially above the apexof the cun-e. The articular facets on the side of the vertebral body aremoved forward on the concave side and on the convex Fig. 64.— Distorted AnteroposteriorPlane of a Scoliotic \ertebra.—{Riedinger.) INTERVERTEBRAL show the earliest changes, and at the points of greatest curveare compressed and project beyond the edges of the vertebral bodiesas if the bodies had grown into them. On the convex side they arethicker than on the other. LIGAMENTS. On the side of the concavity the anterior common ligament is dense and thick, while on the convex side of the curve it is thinned and shows no definite lateral border. In the lozenge-shaped vertebra3 the fibers run obliquely in a direction corresponding to the ridges on the anterior CHANGES IN THE MUSCLES. 83 surface of the vertebral bodies. The posterior common ligament nearthe apex is found more to the convex side than normal because its in-sertions into the intervertebral discs do not share in the broadening outof the concave side of the vertebral bodies, and the vertebra thus growsto the con
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