. The Composition of sea-water : comparative and descriptive oceanography. Seawater -- Composition. (a) (b) 0 Xâ. 1 \ f n vf \ I i/C \ ? ! \ i >,5 ^ \ 500 1 /^ \ â â"^ ^'"' /' v â / N _--â 45 N \ 1000 , t. (d) ,- *» 'J ~'-^. ' /~\ \ 's \ - â ^/ V/|> \ ' / Vy ⺠500 â- i \ - /: s k - -^ ,N i>- â " / 000 ^ 2-° / £ 500 0 0 DISTANCE OFFSHORE (km) Fig. 11. Profiles west of Australia at 32°S, January, 1951. (a)-(d) as in Fig. 6. (After National Institute of Oceanography, 1957.) 3. Coastal Upwelling Although the low surface temperatures of the eastern bou
. The Composition of sea-water : comparative and descriptive oceanography. Seawater -- Composition. (a) (b) 0 Xâ. 1 \ f n vf \ I i/C \ ? ! \ i >,5 ^ \ 500 1 /^ \ â â"^ ^'"' /' v â / N _--â 45 N \ 1000 , t. (d) ,- *» 'J ~'-^. ' /~\ \ 's \ - â ^/ V/|> \ ' / Vy ⺠500 â- i \ - /: s k - -^ ,N i>- â " / 000 ^ 2-° / £ 500 0 0 DISTANCE OFFSHORE (km) Fig. 11. Profiles west of Australia at 32°S, January, 1951. (a)-(d) as in Fig. 6. (After National Institute of Oceanography, 1957.) 3. Coastal Upwelling Although the low surface temperatures of the eastern boundary currents were at first attributed entirely to their origin in high latitudes ( see Gunther, 1936), it gradually became evident that temperatures did not increase mono- tonically downstream, and, thus, that some other process must be operating. The distributions of other properties, such as salinity, oxygen and phosphate, also suggested that vertical motion was present. There evolved a model of coastal upwelling from depths of a few hundred meters, with wind stress parallel to the coast causing an offshore transport of surface water and a compensatory replenishment with deeper lying waters (Sverdrup, Johnson and Fleming, 1942, pp. 500-503). Recent studies (Defant, 1952; Hidaka, 1954; Yoshida, 1955, 1958 and 1958a; Yoshida and Mao, 1957) have attempted to evaluate the model quantitatively. We have examined the time and space variations of upwelling on the basis of a simple relationship between wind stress and the orientation of the Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Hill, M. N. (Maurice Neville), 1919-. New York : Interscience Pub.
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