. Appleton's dictionary of machines, mechanics, engine-work, and engineering. 484 PILE, SCREW, AND SCREW-MOORING. lyn Navy Yard, drawn to a scale of 8 feet to an inch. Fig. 3085 is a plan of the hammer, weighing4050 pounds. Figs. 3061, 3059, and 3060 are plan, elevation, and section of the nippers. Fi. 3062, plan and elevation of head-pulley. These machines were operated by steam ; the fall passing through the leading-blocks to the drum ola steam engine. PILE, SCREW AND SCREW MOORING. To Alexander Mitchell, Esq., of Belfast, Ireland, theprofession is indebted for this discovery, by means of wh
. Appleton's dictionary of machines, mechanics, engine-work, and engineering. 484 PILE, SCREW, AND SCREW-MOORING. lyn Navy Yard, drawn to a scale of 8 feet to an inch. Fig. 3085 is a plan of the hammer, weighing4050 pounds. Figs. 3061, 3059, and 3060 are plan, elevation, and section of the nippers. Fi. 3062, plan and elevation of head-pulley. These machines were operated by steam ; the fall passing through the leading-blocks to the drum ola steam engine. PILE, SCREW AND SCREW MOORING. To Alexander Mitchell, Esq., of Belfast, Ireland, theprofession is indebted for this discovery, by means of which we are now able to construct permanentfoundations in deep water, on shoals of sand, mud, clay, or gravel, or in fact on any bottom, exceptingsolid rock, and to moor shipping of the largest class with a degree of security never before attained. S06S 3064. The plan which appeared best adapted for obtaining a firm hold of soft ground or sand, was to insertto a considerable distance beneath the surface a bar of iron, fig. 3063, having at its lower extremity abroad plate, or disk of metal, in a spiral or helical form, on the principle of the screw, in order that itshould enter the ground with facility, thrusting aside any obstacles to its descent, without materially dis-turbing the texture of the strata it passed through, and that it should at the same time offer an ex-tended base, either for resisting downward pressure, or an upward strain. 8066
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