. Flies in relation to disease: bloodsucking flies. Flies; Flies as carriers of disease; Diptera. 22 DIPTERA—PUPA [CH. larva casts off its skin before pupating. This type of pupa is found, with few exceptions, throughout the members of the Brachycera and Nematocera. In the coarctate forms there are no external protuberances, with the possible exception of a pair of projections at one end of the body, but the whole pupa looks like a tiny barrel, with rounded ends. In this case the pupating larva does not escape from its skin at the last moult but merely shrinks within it, and the larval skin. F
. Flies in relation to disease: bloodsucking flies. Flies; Flies as carriers of disease; Diptera. 22 DIPTERA—PUPA [CH. larva casts off its skin before pupating. This type of pupa is found, with few exceptions, throughout the members of the Brachycera and Nematocera. In the coarctate forms there are no external protuberances, with the possible exception of a pair of projections at one end of the body, but the whole pupa looks like a tiny barrel, with rounded ends. In this case the pupating larva does not escape from its skin at the last moult but merely shrinks within it, and the larval skin. Fig. 9. Fig. 8. Fig. 8. Obtectate pupa of ^ BO^Ae/es maculipennis. iy, respiratory trumpet. After Nuttall and Shipley. Fig. 9. Coarctate pupa of Stomoxys calcitrans. After Newstead. is strengthened by the secretion of chitin so that it forms an adequate protection for the pupa. The external case is fre- quently known as the puparium. This type of pupa is found in the Cyclorrhapha, which includes the house-fly, Stomoxys, Glossina, etc. The adult fly escapes from the pupal case in one of two ways. In the obtectate forms the dorsal surface of the pupal sheath splits longitudinally or in a T-shaped fashion, and the insect draws itself out through the opening. In the coarctate pupffi the anterior end of the pupal case is pushed off by means of the expanded ptilinum of the emerging fly {vide supra, p. 14).. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Hindle, Edward, 1886-. Cambridge, University Press
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, bookdecade1910, bookpublishe, booksubjectdiptera
