Cellular DNA and epigenetics. Illustration of the packaging of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and associated epigenetic factors. DNA (helical, upper righ

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Cellular DNA and epigenetics. Illustration of the packaging of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and associated epigenetic factors. DNA (helical, upper right) winds tightly into coils that wrap around proteins called histones (centre right). Further coiling forms strands of chromatin (lower centre), which condenses during cell division to form structures called chromosomes (X-shaped, shown in the cell nucleus at bottom left). Epigenetic factors are those that affect how genes are processed and used by cells (transcription). The example shown here is the action of methyl groups (green molecules). Methylation of histones affects transcription of genes.

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Photo credit: © GUNILLA ELAM/SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY / Alamy / Afripics
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