Lace Book of Marie de' Medici, Top: Christ before Pilate; Carrying the Cross; Bottom: Man of Sorrows supported by angel; Souls of the blessed brought before God the Father, This Prayerbook was made for Marie de' Medici in the second quarter of the seventeenth century. Beyond its provenance as a personal book owned by the famous queen, it is exceptional for its intricately cut borders, which transform the parchment margins into lace. This effect was created using a technique known as 'canivet,' in which a small knife was used to cut ornate patterns into paper or parchment


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