. The age of Hildebrand. the Emperor might meetat Moisson and ratify the treaty already drawn suspicions of Henrys good faith deterred thePope from appearing in person, and he remained inthe castle of Moisson and carried on the negotiationthrough his commissioners. A more careful scrutinyof the treaty had awakened doubts on the part of thepapal counsellors as to the exact purport of Henrys i6o Age of Hildeb7and, concession. They assumed that the imperial fiefs re-mained attached to the prelacies, while the Emperorheld that no fief could be bestowed without final in-vestiture, and that
. The age of Hildebrand. the Emperor might meetat Moisson and ratify the treaty already drawn suspicions of Henrys good faith deterred thePope from appearing in person, and he remained inthe castle of Moisson and carried on the negotiationthrough his commissioners. A more careful scrutinyof the treaty had awakened doubts on the part of thepapal counsellors as to the exact purport of Henrys i6o Age of Hildeb7and, concession. They assumed that the imperial fiefs re-mained attached to the prelacies, while the Emperorheld that no fief could be bestowed without final in-vestiture, and that the treaty left him full power overthe fiefs of the church in the empire. So certain hadHenry been of the conclusion of the treaty and hisconsequent absolution that he had already stipulatedas to the form of his absolution, that he was not toappear before the Pope barefoot, as a penitent. Butthe negotiations were broken off, and Calixtus re-turned to Rheims, where he solemnly pronounced theexcommunication of the CHAPTER XV. THE CISTERCIANS — TREATY OF WORMS — THEFRANGIPANI AND PIERLEONI—HONORIUS II. |N the 23d of December, 1119, the Popegave his formal approval to a movementof the greatest importance to the Papacy,though its full significance was not ap-parent at the time. This was the Bene-dictine reform of Abbot Stephen of Citeaux, thefirst attempt to organize an order of monks whollyindependent of the episcopal power and directlyunder the control of the Pope. The movement wason the line of Gregorys policy of curtaiHng the powerof the bishops, and resulted in the formation of an in-ternational army in the service of the Roman see. The abbey of Citeaux was founded in 1098, byRobert, the Abbot of Molesme. It was named afterits original home, the forest of Cistercium or Citeaux,about fourteen miles northeast of Beaune, in Bur-gundy. By a special edict. Paschal II., in iioo,placed it under the immediate authority of the rule was that of Benedict. The mona
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