. The story of American democracy, political and industrial . antations; and the Virginiaplanter in particular sought to add estate to estate, andto keep land in his family by rigid laws of entail.^ Be-tween this class of large planters and the Poor Whites, ^ Entail is a legal arrangement to prevent land from being sold or willed awayout of a fixed line of inheritance. Entail is found only with primogeniture. 160 COLONIAL LIFE however, there was always a considerable number of small farmers in Virginia; and in North Carolina this element was the main one. The western counties of all the coloni
. The story of American democracy, political and industrial . antations; and the Virginiaplanter in particular sought to add estate to estate, andto keep land in his family by rigid laws of entail.^ Be-tween this class of large planters and the Poor Whites, ^ Entail is a legal arrangement to prevent land from being sold or willed awayout of a fixed line of inheritance. Entail is found only with primogeniture. 160 COLONIAL LIFE however, there was always a considerable number of small farmers in Virginia; and in North Carolina this element was the main one. The western counties of all the colonies were occupied exclusively in small farming. In the Middle colonies, foodstuffs were raised on a large scale. These colonies exported to the West Indies (both The Middle English and French) most of the bread, flour, colonies: beer, beef, and pork used there. In these col-foodstuffs . , . , , . a ^ andmanu- ouies, too, unmigraut artisans trom (jermanyfactures early introduced rudimentary manufactures, —linen, pottery, glassware, hats, shoes, I An English Culoxial-built .Schuoxer, The Baltic, coming out of St. Eustatia,Dutch West Indies, November, 1765. From a water color in the Essex In-stitute, Salem, Mass. In New England, occupations were still more majority of the people still lived in agricultural villages and tilled small farms; but they could not wringoccupations all their subsistence from the scanty soil. Each2fNe™. farmer was a Jack-at-all-trades. In the winter days, he hewed out clapboards, staves, andshingles; and in the long evenings, at a little forge in the TRADE AND INDUSTRY 161 fireplace, he hammered out nails and tacks from a bar ofiron. Even in the towns, all but the merchant andprofessional classes had to be able to turn their handsto a variety of work if they would prosper. Mr. Weedentells of a certain John Marshall, a constable at Braintree,and a commissioned officer in the militia company there,who farmed a little, made laths in
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