. European history : an outline of its development. third Repubhc has now, however, passed through severalsevere crises in safety; its legislatures and cabinets haveshown themselves less subject to panic in times of threatenedcoup detat than was formerly the case with republican gov-ernments in France ; and the people seem to have acquiredcalmness and self-control and to be learning real self-gov-ernment. We may hope that France has at last obtaineda free government by the people in the place of paternaldespotism. 494. The Results of the Period in Europe at Large. — Bythe end of the F
. European history : an outline of its development. third Repubhc has now, however, passed through severalsevere crises in safety; its legislatures and cabinets haveshown themselves less subject to panic in times of threatenedcoup detat than was formerly the case with republican gov-ernments in France ; and the people seem to have acquiredcalmness and self-control and to be learning real self-gov-ernment. We may hope that France has at last obtaineda free government by the people in the place of paternaldespotism. 494. The Results of the Period in Europe at Large. — Bythe end of the Franco-Prussian War, in 1871, national unityhad been secured by Italy and Germany, and all the coun-tries of Europe, except Russia, had gained constitutionalgovernment. These governments all follow more or less S495] The Eastern Question A77 closely the model of limited monarchy created by England,and where they are administered in the same spirit, as isnearly everywhere the case, they make, as the constitutionof England does, a virtual M. Thiers 495. The Eastern Question. — During the last quarter More than aof the nineteenth century, the great interest of international century in Europe has been the Eastern question. Thisquestion has troubled European diplomacy for more thana hundred years, and seems after all this time no nearersolution than at the beginning. The difficulty has not been The realto overthrow the Turk, for, if he had been left to himself, difficulty,his dominion would have ended long ago, but it has beento find a disposition of his territories which would satisfyall the interested parties. Russia, Austria, and England,on account of her possession of India, have all had an im- 478 Eiirope 1815 [§§ 496, 497 The results. Its p. 402. Mahmoud H., 1808-1839. The value of reforms. Fyffe, Europe, 659-672; Miiller, Recent Times, 155-159- The inter-ference ofRussia. mediate concern in the result, and the other states havebeen indi
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