. The Eastern Bering Sea Shelf : oceanography and resources / edited by Donald W. Hood and John A. Calder . Figure 37-9. Distribution of juvenile polloclt (<22 cm long) in August in the eastern Bering Sea (tons/km ). Figure 37-10. Distribution of "maturing pollock" (22-45 cm long) in August in the eastern Bering Sea (tons/km^). Seasonal migrations are affected by various envir- onmental anomalies; water temperature anomalies, especially at high latitudes as in the Bering Sea, are usually the most pronounced and the easiest to observe. Furthermore, more is known of the effects of t
. The Eastern Bering Sea Shelf : oceanography and resources / edited by Donald W. Hood and John A. Calder . Figure 37-9. Distribution of juvenile polloclt (<22 cm long) in August in the eastern Bering Sea (tons/km ). Figure 37-10. Distribution of "maturing pollock" (22-45 cm long) in August in the eastern Bering Sea (tons/km^). Seasonal migrations are affected by various envir- onmental anomalies; water temperature anomalies, especially at high latitudes as in the Bering Sea, are usually the most pronounced and the easiest to observe. Furthermore, more is known of the effects of temperature on the species than of the effects of other environmental variables. Two dynamic effects of temperature anomalies are included in the DYNUMES model: the "forced" migration of most species out of areas with subzero bottom tempera- tures (including a slightly increased mortality), and the effect of temperature on food uptake and growth. An example of the effect of water temperature anomalies on the growth of the herring biomass is given in Fig. 37-15, showing the sources and sinks of the biomass for a February with average or normal water temperature, and for a February with a positive temperature anomaly. The growth of bio- mass is considerably enhanced in the latter case, especially in the southern, warmer part of the area. Cold anomalies affect growth less than warm anoma- lies, as growth is nearly arrested at low temperatures. However, temperature anomalies of cold bottom water have considerable effect on seasonal migrations of flatfishes to feeding and spawning grounds in shallower water. In years with extensive cold bottom water formation on the shelf in the winter, the spring migrations of flatfishes to shallower water can be considerably delayed (Best, this volume). 65"*-
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