Ecological investigations of the tundra biome in the Prudhoe Bay region, Alaska ecologicalinvest00brow Year: 1975 In summary, the stratigraphy of snow on the Arctic Slope can generally be described by refer- ring to only four major varieties of snow. In approximate order from top to bottom in the snow pack these are: 17 Range of Range of Grain size density Snow type (mm) (gcm-3)* 1 Fresh new snow, variable to to crystal forms sometimes < 2 Wind slab, hard, fine- grained to to 3 Medium-grained snow 1 to 2 to 4. Depth hoar, coarse loosely-bon
Ecological investigations of the tundra biome in the Prudhoe Bay region, Alaska ecologicalinvest00brow Year: 1975 In summary, the stratigraphy of snow on the Arctic Slope can generally be described by refer- ring to only four major varieties of snow. In approximate order from top to bottom in the snow pack these are: 17 Range of Range of Grain size density Snow type (mm) (gcm-3)* 1 Fresh new snow, variable to to crystal forms sometimes < 2 Wind slab, hard, fine- grained to to 3 Medium-grained snow 1 to 2 to 4. Depth hoar, coarse loosely-bonded crystals 5 to 10 to Spring thaw Some case examples of the snow structure measured during the spring near the Tundra Biome pingo site at Prudhoe Bay (Figs. 1 and 5) will be discussed. Figs. 6a and 6b shows the pingo, with the automatic recording weather station on top of it, during fall and spring. The photograph of early fall snow structure shown in Fig. 2 was taken at the time and place when the photograph in Fig. 6a was taken (6 September 1971). A typical example of the snow structure on the tundra during spring, prior to melting (Table 1), is shown in Fig. 7; this profile was measured 350 m NE of P-2 (Fig. 5) on 14 April 1972 (Fig. 7). Three layers were easily distinguished by brushing the side of the pit to reveal differences in resistance to abrasion. They show up clearly in the photograph and in the density and strati- graphy data which are plotted below it; they may be briefly summarized as follows: 1. Topâfine-grained ( mm), wind pack- ed, density = g cm '^. 2. Middleâmedium-grained (1-2 mm), density = ^. 3. Bottomâcoarse-grained, depth hoar crystals (5-10 mm), density = g cm â '. The total water equivalent of the snowpack in this example was cm H2O as determined by integrating the depth-density profile; the amount of heat required to raise its temperature Fig. 6a. Pingo, 6September 1971.
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