. Carbon and the biosphere; proceedings of the 24th Brookhaven symposium in biology, Upton, , May 16-18, 1972. Carbon cycle (Biogeochemistry). 12 STUIVER E I H Q- LU Q 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000. -35(18) m NACW -71(3) -92(2), -61(6) â -98(8), -118(6) -46(16) SASW AAIW -72(8) -105(15) -102(5) -130(3) AABW 104(16) flrffZfiftfrhL -144(3) _J /ZRfo* 60° N 40° 20° 20° 40° 60° S LATITUDE Fig. 2 Average '4 C specific activities of bicarbonate in the Atlantic Ocean, as given by The number of samples measured is given in parentheses; the other values give the per mille ' " C devi
. Carbon and the biosphere; proceedings of the 24th Brookhaven symposium in biology, Upton, , May 16-18, 1972. Carbon cycle (Biogeochemistry). 12 STUIVER E I H Q- LU Q 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000. -35(18) m NACW -71(3) -92(2), -61(6) â -98(8), -118(6) -46(16) SASW AAIW -72(8) -105(15) -102(5) -130(3) AABW 104(16) flrffZfiftfrhL -144(3) _J /ZRfo* 60° N 40° 20° 20° 40° 60° S LATITUDE Fig. 2 Average '4 C specific activities of bicarbonate in the Atlantic Ocean, as given by The number of samples measured is given in parentheses; the other values give the per mille ' " C deviation from the Lamont standard. Water masses are given by NACW (North Atlantic Central); SASW (South Atlantic Surface); AAIW (Antarctic Intermediate): NADW (North Atlantic Deep); and AABW (Antarctic Bottom). The preceding data depict a general northward and southward movement, of, respectively, the bottom Pacific and Atlantic ocean waters. Bien and co- workers 7 estimate from the change in specific 14C activities an overall northward velocity of to mm/sec for the deep Pacific waters. The complications introduced by particulate transport to the deep ocean are neglected in many box-model studies. However, for a simple two-box model, Lai has shown that the calculations of residence times are not affected by particulate transport, since the ratio of the specific activities turns out to be independent of the particulate flux. Its effect is to reduce the concentration of both C and C02 in the mixed layer, affecting both to the same extent. Particulate (or "biotic") transport is of importance for differences in both the specific C activity and the total C02 concentration between surface and deep waters. A typical profile19 in the Pacific at 28029'N, 121°38'W is given in Fig. 4. The depletion of total C02 in the surface waters and the C02 maximum at a depth of about 1 to 2 km are attributed to biotic transport. In a two-reservoir model, the net input o
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