. Anatomy, descriptive and applied. Anatomy. 1188 THE ORGANS OF VOICE AND BESPIBATION Applied Anatomy.—Primary tumors of the mediastinum are usually lymphomata or lympho- sarcomata arising from the thymus or from the bronchial or posterior mediastinal lymph nodes; sarcomata, dermoid cysts, and embryomata, occur more rarely. These tumors give rise to pain, deformity of the thorax, and symptoms of pressure on the various nerves, bloodvessels, air passages, lymphatics, and on the oesophagus, as these various structures pass through the thorax. They may produce physical signs very much like those
. Anatomy, descriptive and applied. Anatomy. 1188 THE ORGANS OF VOICE AND BESPIBATION Applied Anatomy.—Primary tumors of the mediastinum are usually lymphomata or lympho- sarcomata arising from the thymus or from the bronchial or posterior mediastinal lymph nodes; sarcomata, dermoid cysts, and embryomata, occur more rarely. These tumors give rise to pain, deformity of the thorax, and symptoms of pressure on the various nerves, bloodvessels, air passages, lymphatics, and on the oesophagus, as these various structures pass through the thorax. They may produce physical signs very much like those of an aortic aneiu^ism, so that diagnosis between the two is often difficult. The prognosis is bad, life usually ending within a few months or a year of the onset of the symptoms. Inflammation of the mediastinum due to wounds, or to the spread of inflammation from ad- jacent parts {e. g., the oesophagus, the pericardium), is sometimes acute, leading to abscess formation. A more chronic form associated with adhesions and inflammation of the pericar- dium—the so-called chronic adhesive mediastinopericarditis—gives rise to obscure symptoms suggesting gradual heart failure, and leads to death slowly but surely. THE LUNGS (PULMONES) (Figs. 913, 914). The lungs are the essential organs of respiration; they are two in number, placed one on each side of the thorax, separated from each other by the b^art and other contents of the mediastinum. A heaUhy lung hangs free within the pleural cavity. It is suspended by the root and by the ligamentum pulmonale. In many Groove foi innominate aiteiy Groove for supet ior_ vena cava. G) oove for vena azygos major Eparterial bronchus Hyparterial broyichus Pulmonary veins Groove for oesophagus Ligamentum latum pulmonis Fig. 913.—Mediastinal surface of right lung. cases examined the lung does not hang free, but, as a result of former pleurisy, an area of the pulmonary pleura is adherent to the parietal pleura. Each lung is conical in shape, an
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, bookdecade1910, booksubjectanatomy, bookyear1913
