Reference sealing ca. 1961–1954 Middle Kingdom Small lumps of clay were often used to seal goods or documents. They are called sealings. On one side they often bear an impression of the seal used, while another side can show an impression of the object itself or of its closing mechanism (such as a string). This lump of clay bears a seal impression, but its conical shape suggests that it was never attached to an object. It can therefore be identified as a reference sealing, which was used to verify the authenticity of sealings that were attached to documents or goods. Or it could have been

Reference sealing ca. 1961–1954 Middle Kingdom Small lumps of clay were often used to seal goods or documents. They are called sealings. On one side they often bear an impression of the seal used, while another side can show an impression of the object itself or of its closing mechanism (such as a string). This lump of clay bears a seal impression, but its conical shape suggests that it was never attached to an object. It can therefore be identified as a reference sealing, which was used to verify the authenticity of sealings that were attached to documents or goods. Or it could have been used as proof of authorization for certain dealings. Three more reference seals were found in the same tomb, but in a different part of it (). The reference sealing here shows an impression from the same seal as that reads "Storehouse of Hathor.". Reference sealing. ca. 1961–1954 Mud. Middle Kingdom. From Egypt, Upper Egypt, Thebes, Deir el-Bahri, Tomb of Ipy (TT 315), Tomb of Meseh (MMA 516B), chapel, MMA excavations, 1921–22. Dynasty 12

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