. The popular history of England : an illustrated history of society and government from the earliest period to our own times . he chief oflBcers of the crown should be with the parlia-ment. There was Ul-coucealed jealousy of Lancaster; and a speech which hemade, demanding the punishment of those who spoke of him as a traitor, isupon the EoUs of Parliament. It was a serious time, when mens minds wereexcited by impending danger. The truce with Prance had recently expired:and not an hour was lost by Charles V. to renew hostilities in the way mostoffensive to the English. Commerce was interrupted
. The popular history of England : an illustrated history of society and government from the earliest period to our own times . he chief oflBcers of the crown should be with the parlia-ment. There was Ul-coucealed jealousy of Lancaster; and a speech which hemade, demanding the punishment of those who spoke of him as a traitor, isupon the EoUs of Parliament. It was a serious time, when mens minds wereexcited by impending danger. The truce with Prance had recently expired:and not an hour was lost by Charles V. to renew hostilities in the way mostoffensive to the English. Commerce was interrupted; the sea-ports wereburnt and ravaged ; the Isle of Wight was plundered. To meet the expensesof a foreign armament, and of naval and land forces to protect the kingdom,a subsidy was granted. But two citizens of London, William Walworth andJohn Philpot, were sworn in parliament to be treasurers of the same,and strictly to apply the produce of the taxes to the support of the this and immediately succeeding parliaments, the state of the nation wasdeclared to be alarming. The wars of Edward III. had produced no perraa-. Groat of Richard II. ? De TccciuevUle, p. 182. 4 WAR TftaXH FRANCE AND SCOTLAND—TAXATION. [1378-80. nent advantage; but had a spirit of revenge which threatenedthe safetv of Entcland. There vrere enemies all around. France was active inlier hostilities, in concert with Spain. The Scots, in 137S, burnt Eoxburghand captured Berwick. The great border-fortress was soon retaken, and a smallfain was obtained by the cession of Cherbourg and Brest. But the duke ofLancaster was unsuccessful in an attack upon St. Malo, to whose relief tlievigilant Du GuescUn came with a large army, and compelled the duke toretire to his ships. All the foreign enterprises of the English were futile andtKsastrous; and their cost produced general discontent. In addition to heavyduties on wool and leather, a capitation tax was granted in 1379. In prin-ciple this was an income
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