. Bonner zoologische Monographien. Zoology. 71 7 a Relatively short tail (less than 8% of total length in both sexes); normally more than 170 ventrals in males and more than 165 in females; normally 34 or less subcaudals in males; dorsal pattern inverted (lighter reddish or yellowish pattern on dark ground colour) or normal but much reduced. Distribution: Armenian USSR, eastern Turkey, northwestern Iran ... 8 7 b Relatively long tail (normally 8 % or more of total length in both sexes); normally less than 170 ventrals in males and 166 or less in females; normally 34 or more subcaudals in males
. Bonner zoologische Monographien. Zoology. 71 7 a Relatively short tail (less than 8% of total length in both sexes); normally more than 170 ventrals in males and more than 165 in females; normally 34 or less subcaudals in males; dorsal pattern inverted (lighter reddish or yellowish pattern on dark ground colour) or normal but much reduced. Distribution: Armenian USSR, eastern Turkey, northwestern Iran ... 8 7 b Relatively long tail (normally 8 % or more of total length in both sexes); normally less than 170 ventrals in males and 166 or less in females; normally 34 or more subcaudals in males; pattern normal (dark pattern on hght ground colour) but may be much reduced. Distribution: northern Iran 9 8 a Monomorphic in colour pattern (pattern inverted); neck pattern lyrate or consisting of pronounced oblique or transverse streaks; body ground colour dark. Distribution: Armenian USSR, eastern Turkey and northwestern Azarbaidjan, Iran Vipera raddei raddei 8 b Polymorphic in colour pattern (pattern inverted, unicoloured or normal); neck pattern sometimes absent; ground colour variable, often light. Distribution: western Azarbaidjan, Iran, perhaps also adjacent parts of Turkey and extreme northeastern Irak Vipera raddei kurdistanica 9 a Monomorphic in colour pattern with well developed black-edged dorsal zig-zag band, and black drop-like oblique spots on nape; pale dark-edged supraoculars; two apicals in contact with rostral. Distribution: northern Iran Vipera albicornuta 9 b Polymorphic in colour pattern with dorsal pattern more or less reduced consisting of zig-zag band, blotches, vertebral stripe or totally lacking; with or without two obligue streaks on nape; supraoculars not pale and dark-edged; often three apicals in contact with rostral. Distribution: northern Iran (central Albours mountain range) Vipera latifii. Fig. 32: Distribution map for the species in the Vipera xanthina complex. For Vipera bornmuelleri open circles indicate the Mt. Liban populations, while
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