. Railway track and track work . wn in Pig. 24, is extensively used in India, South Amer-ica and Mexico for lines of 5 ft. 6 ins., 4 ft. 8y2 ins. and 3 ft. 3% ins. the widest gage it is 9 ft. long, 4y2 ins. wide on top, 8% to 13 ins. wideon the bottom and 4% to 5 ins. deep. The thickness is 13-32-in. on top andi/4-in. on the, sides. Two lugs are stamped up at each rail seat, and a flattaper key is driven between the rail base and each of the lugs. The tieweighs about 135 lbs., and the keys 1 lb. each. The ties are usually laidabout 3 ft. c. to c. TIES AND TIE-PLATES. 57 In this countr
. Railway track and track work . wn in Pig. 24, is extensively used in India, South Amer-ica and Mexico for lines of 5 ft. 6 ins., 4 ft. 8y2 ins. and 3 ft. 3% ins. the widest gage it is 9 ft. long, 4y2 ins. wide on top, 8% to 13 ins. wideon the bottom and 4% to 5 ins. deep. The thickness is 13-32-in. on top andi/4-in. on the, sides. Two lugs are stamped up at each rail seat, and a flattaper key is driven between the rail base and each of the lugs. The tieweighs about 135 lbs., and the keys 1 lb. each. The ties are usually laidabout 3 ft. c. to c. TIES AND TIE-PLATES. 57 In this country the most extensive trials with steel ties have been madeon the New York Central Ry. In 18S9 there were 800 of the Hartford tieslaid in stone ballast near Garrisons. They were so successful, and the costof maintenance was so low, that a few years later a number of pressed steelties of modified form were made, having a bolted clamp fastening devisedby Mr. Katte, then Chief Engineer. These ties are shown in Fig. 25. Thsy 0age 4Si. Half Ran. Fig. 25.—Steel Tie of New York Central Ry. weighed, however, only 86 lbs., or 100 lbs. with fastenings, which was toolight for such heavy traffic as they had to carry. According to reportsmade at the end of 1899, there were 721 of the original ties in 1,576 ft. oftrack, and while they were durable, they required nearly twice as muchwork to keep them in surface as was required for the adjacent track withwooden ties. They were also hard to line, the ballast shook away fromthem, and they made a noisy track. About 1,350 of the modified ties werethen in use in 3,375 ft. of track, but were being replaced with oak ties. Theywere less satisfactory than the original ties, their shape preventing the eco-nomical lining of track, while they broke more readily in the middle andcrushed under the rail. The quality of the steel, already referred to, wasprobably not suitable for the purpose. The Standard steel tie (Fig. 26) has been tried on four or five ra
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