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. Our domestic animals, their habits, intelligence and usefulness;. in the care of horses is their horses, it is true, can go with-out irons on their feet; but it is notso with our domestic animals, be-cause, in the first place, their hoofsare not so hard, and in the secondplace, because our stony roads are Cli;amn(, IliM evidently not so favorable to them as thegrassy ground of the steppes and prairies. Shoeing must therefore be regarded as anecessary evil, for evil it is. By driving nailsinto the hoof holes are made through which dirtand disease may enter, while the hoof, whichh
. Our domestic animals, their habits, intelligence and usefulness;. in the care of horses is their horses, it is true, can go with-out irons on their feet; but it is notso with our domestic animals, be-cause, in the first place, their hoofsare not so hard, and in the secondplace, because our stony roads are Cli;amn(, IliM evidently not so favorable to them as thegrassy ground of the steppes and prairies. Shoeing must therefore be regarded as anecessary evil, for evil it is. By driving nailsinto the hoof holes are made through which dirtand disease may enter, while the hoof, whichhas a natural tendenc\ to disintegrate, becomesweaker and less resistant. In order to avoidthis injury many methods have been inventedto appl) the iron shoes without having recourseto nails, but no satisfactory result has yet beenattained, and we are still constrained to keepto the old -system. To lessen the shock of the hoof on a hardroad and to protect the frog, various soft cov-erings have been used, the best known ofwhich are India rubber, felt, tow, and Critics 154 OUR DOMESTIC ANIMALS The tow pad is much used in the German cities, that can be screwed on and off, the latter beingIt consists of an iron shoe with a hollow on the in the shape of the letter H, which preventsinside in which the tow is fixed, coming out them from being too rapidly blunted.
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