. Nelson's History of the war. reme German right one corpsunder General von Litzmann drove the Russian leftacross the frontier to Kolno. North of him Generalvon Falck occupied Johannisburg, while Generalvon Butlar drove back the Russians from beforeLotzen, The Kaiser was present at this section ofthe fight. The sternest struggle was for the narrowswhich cover the approach to Lyck from the were held by the Russian rearguard, and notcarried till the morning of the 15th. But by thattime the two southern Russian corps were mostlyover the border, retreating by the Suwalki-Seynycauseway a
. Nelson's History of the war. reme German right one corpsunder General von Litzmann drove the Russian leftacross the frontier to Kolno. North of him Generalvon Falck occupied Johannisburg, while Generalvon Butlar drove back the Russians from beforeLotzen, The Kaiser was present at this section ofthe fight. The sternest struggle was for the narrowswhich cover the approach to Lyck from the were held by the Russian rearguard, and notcarried till the morning of the 15th. But by thattime the two southern Russian corps were mostlyover the border, retreating by the Suwalki-Seynycauseway and by the Ossowietz railway. In spiteof this heavy rearguard fighting, these two corpsgot away without serious losses. By the 12th vonEichhorns army was oyer the Russian p^^ ^^_frontier, and had occupied Mariampol. By the 15th von Buelow was also on ^ Russian soil, moving towards Grodno and Osso- 20 30 40 60 60,—fl I 0 a I Miles » ? —-^ German attacks ——•^—~$ retreat _^^,^Railways -^-^rFortresses lKovho. Tbe Winter Battle: in-the Masurian Lake Region BATTLES ON NORTHERN FLANKS. 29 wietz. By that time most of General Sieverss armywas on the Niemen and the Bobr. Such are the bare outlines of one of the mostdesperate weeks in the whole campaign. But abare outline gives little idea of the difficulties ofthe operations. For an army to fall back seventymiles under the pressure of a force three times itssuperior, based on a good railway system, is at alltimes a difficult feat. When it is added that morethan half of Sieverss army had no railways toassist them, but must struggle with their gunsthrough blind forests choked with snowdrifts, theachievement becomes almost miraculous. The Rus-sian losses were large, but in the circumstances mustbe regarded as moderate. The Germans claimed75,000 prisoners and 300 guns, but these gains aredemonstrably fictitious. The chief Russian losswas in General Bulgakovs 20th Corps, which theGerman Staff asserted that they had comple
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