. A treatise on anatomy, physiology, and hygiene : designed for colleges, academies, and families. gluteus medius muscle. 9, The gluteusmaximus muscle. 11, 12, The rhomboideus major and minor muscles. 15, Thevertebral aponeurosis. 16, The serratus posticus inferior muscle. 22, The serratusmagnus muscle. 23, The internal oblique muscle. Practical Explanation. The muscles 1, 11,12, draw the scapula back toward the muscles 11, 12, draw the scapula upward toward the head, and slightly back-ward. The muscle 4 draws the arm by the side, and backward. The muscle 5elevates the arm. The muscl
. A treatise on anatomy, physiology, and hygiene : designed for colleges, academies, and families. gluteus medius muscle. 9, The gluteusmaximus muscle. 11, 12, The rhomboideus major and minor muscles. 15, Thevertebral aponeurosis. 16, The serratus posticus inferior muscle. 22, The serratusmagnus muscle. 23, The internal oblique muscle. Practical Explanation. The muscles 1, 11,12, draw the scapula back toward the muscles 11, 12, draw the scapula upward toward the head, and slightly back-ward. The muscle 4 draws the arm by the side, and backward. The muscle 5elevates the arm. The muscles 8, 9, extend the thigh on the body. The muscle 1draws the head back and elevates the chin. The muscle 16 depresses the ribs idexpiration. The muscle 22 elevates the ribs in inspiration. ANATOMY OF THE MUSCLES. 73 159. The diaphragm, or midriff, is the muscular divisionbetween the thorax and the abdomen. It is penetrated by theoesophagus on its way to the stomach, by the aorta conveyingblood toward the lower extremity, and by the ascending venacava, or vein, on its way to the Fig. 42. A representation of the under, or abdominal side of the 3 4 The portion which is attached to the margin of the ribs. 8, 10, The twofleshy pillars of the diaphragm, which are attached to the third and fourth lumbarvertebra;. 9, The spinal column. 11, The opening for the passage of the , The opening for the oesophagus. 13, The opening for the ascending vena cava,or vein. Observation. The diaphragm may be compared to an in-verted basin, its bottom being turned upward into the thorax,while its edge corresponds with the outline of the edges of thelower ribs and sternum. Its concavity is directed toward theabdomen, and thus, this cavity is very much enlarged at theexpense of that of the chest, which is diminished to an equalextent. 159. Describe the diaphragm,septum ? What vessels penetrate this muscular 74 ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY, AND HYGIENE. 160. « The motions of t
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