. The cyclopædia of anatomy and physiology. Anatomy; Physiology; Zoology. 1008 Fig. Viscera of male Shark. (After Clift.) a, heart; b, liver ; c, oesophagus ; d, stomach ; e, pyloric portion of stomach ; g, pancreas ; h, i, in- testine ; k, testis ; I, vas deferens ; m, urinary blad- der j o, rudimental penis ; p, p, peritoneal open- ings ; q, q, claspers. troduced into the cloaca of the other sex in the act of impregnation. The following is Cuvier's description of these remarkable organs, which are met with in the males both of the Sharks and Rays and likewise of the Chimseras, and from
. The cyclopædia of anatomy and physiology. Anatomy; Physiology; Zoology. 1008 Fig. Viscera of male Shark. (After Clift.) a, heart; b, liver ; c, oesophagus ; d, stomach ; e, pyloric portion of stomach ; g, pancreas ; h, i, in- testine ; k, testis ; I, vas deferens ; m, urinary blad- der j o, rudimental penis ; p, p, peritoneal open- ings ; q, q, claspers. troduced into the cloaca of the other sex in the act of impregnation. The following is Cuvier's description of these remarkable organs, which are met with in the males both of the Sharks and Rays and likewise of the Chimseras, and from the composition and relations of the car- tilages and muscle which enter into their struc- ture are evidently only an extension or appendage of the ventral fins. They consist in the Rays and Skates of two cartilages articulated end to end, situated along the inner side, which forms the basis of the whole apparatus. The first of these cartilages, which is a sort of femur, ar- ticulates with the pelvis, and supports, in con- junction with the second (the tibia), the rays of the ventral fin. A third cartilage unites this fin with the genital portion like a kind of astragalus; this PISCES. articulates with the longest cartilage of the Jimb. On the side of the astragalus is an oval car- tilage having a sharp inferior margin, to which may be applied the name of os calcis. The os calcis articulates posteriorly with another principal piece of the limb which may be called the metatarsus. This extends all along the upper and inner border of the limb as far as its extremity, where it forms a sort of digit, to which is attached the tendon of the great abductor muscle. This large piece is formed by the consolidation of three smaller ^ ones, two of which run parallel to each other, so as to constitute a semi-canal, into which opens a duct derived from a large gland here- after to be described. To the metatarsus succeed seven other car- tilages, the shape of which is different in the variou
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