Physical diagnosis, including diseases of the thoracic and abdominal organs : a manual for students and physicians .. . Relation of lungs, pleura, spleen and kidneys to bony thorax. origin. Its most important relations to the lung andpleura, with which it is in contact through most of itsextent, have been mentioned. Its relation to the anteriorthoracic wall is practically the same as that of the heart,with some additional extension upwards, where it isreflected upon the great blood-vessels. The serous surfaces of the pericardium and of thepleura are bathed in sufficient fluid to render theirmo
Physical diagnosis, including diseases of the thoracic and abdominal organs : a manual for students and physicians .. . Relation of lungs, pleura, spleen and kidneys to bony thorax. origin. Its most important relations to the lung andpleura, with which it is in contact through most of itsextent, have been mentioned. Its relation to the anteriorthoracic wall is practically the same as that of the heart,with some additional extension upwards, where it isreflected upon the great blood-vessels. The serous surfaces of the pericardium and of thepleura are bathed in sufficient fluid to render theirmotions normally noiseless and free from friction. 32 ANATOMICAL. THE HEART. Besides a knowledge of the shape, arrangement andstructure of the several cavities and valves of the heart,as well as the general position of the organ, the followingpoints are of special significance in diagnosis: Fig. nterior Left. ?Right Posterior Diagram showing the horizontal relations of the orifices at the base of the heart. The right ventricle forms the greater part of theanterior aspect of the heart and also its inferior border. The right auricle forms most of its visible base fromthis position (the front), while the left ventricle can be TOPOGRAPHICAL AND RELATIONAL ANATOMY. 33 seen to a very slight extent all along the extreme leftborder, forming the true apex. The small appendix ofthe left auricle appears above, just to the left of theorigin of the pulmonary artery, thus completing theanterior aspect of the heart. The left ventricle and leftauricle are chiefly posterior. The pulmonic orifice lies in front of the aortic orifice,its center being a little to the left of the center of thea«»rtic orifice. The tricuspid orifice is behind and to theright of the aortic orifice, so that the aortic orifice isdirectly between the tricuspid and pulmonic. Themitral orifice is placed behind and to the left of th
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