The mass and vestments of the Catholic church, liturgical, doctrinal, historical and archaeological . his re-semblance has suggested to some the theory thatthe pastoral staff was merely a Christian adapta-tion of this pagan implement. Other writers argue infavor of the crozier beingsimply the decorated andspecialized heir of the com-mon walking-sticks used inchurches as a support beforethe introduction of seats, aconjecture devoid of evi-dential value for the reasonthat the pastoral staff hadbeen installed among Episco-pal insignia before the disap-pearance of these letter of Pope
The mass and vestments of the Catholic church, liturgical, doctrinal, historical and archaeological . his re-semblance has suggested to some the theory thatthe pastoral staff was merely a Christian adapta-tion of this pagan implement. Other writers argue infavor of the crozier beingsimply the decorated andspecialized heir of the com-mon walking-sticks used inchurches as a support beforethe introduction of seats, aconjecture devoid of evi-dential value for the reasonthat the pastoral staff hadbeen installed among Episco-pal insignia before the disap-pearance of these letter of Pope Celestine(423-432) to the bishops ofNarbonne and Vienne is theearliest available referenceto the use of the pastoral staff by bishops, thusestablishing it as one of the very primitive ex-ternal symbols of authority adopted by theChurch. It was earned by abbots, abbesses,bishops and by the Pope until about the tenthcentury, when the culmination of his temporalsovereignty and the affirmation and acceptanceof his jurisdiction over the universal Churcheffected the laying aside of an emblem which was. (JREEK CROZIER Supplementary Vestments 499 associated with a local spiritual pastorate. In-nocent III explains farther by saying that theblessed St. Peter sent his staff to Eucharius, thefirst bishop of Treves, which staff is preservedwith great reverence in its cathedral, and Aquinas confirms this tradition (, quest. 3, art. 3) when he records that forthis reason the Pope carries the pastoral staffwhen pontificating in Treves. In the beginning, the crozier was a rod of woodwith a head crutched or crooked, usually of one ofthe precious metals. There is not always uniform-ity in the shape of the head: knobs, crooks, Y shapesand the inverted U form of the Irish staff meet usin a bewildering medley. As late as the eleventhcentury the tau-shaped crozier appears on manymonuments. After that period the crook-headed staff is theonly form in which it is found. The material
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