History of Rome, and of the Roman people, from its origin to the invasion of the barbarians . sury atthe same time that he gave liberty to his slave. Finally, a councilcomposed at Rome of five senators and five knights, and in theprovinces of five reciqieratores, all Roman citizens, were to examineinto the reasons for the enfranchisement; so that the master mightindeed by the act of setting free deprive himself of his property,but there remained to the civil power, as represented by the coun-cil, the right of deciding whether the new citizen was worthy to 1 On the whole question of slavery, se


History of Rome, and of the Roman people, from its origin to the invasion of the barbarians . sury atthe same time that he gave liberty to his slave. Finally, a councilcomposed at Rome of five senators and five knights, and in theprovinces of five reciqieratores, all Roman citizens, were to examineinto the reasons for the enfranchisement; so that the master mightindeed by the act of setting free deprive himself of his property,but there remained to the civil power, as represented by the coun-cil, the right of deciding whether the new citizen was worthy to 1 On the whole question of slavery, see M. Wallons book. The print given on the ne\t page represents a monument erected to Amemptus, a freedman of the Empress Livia : Divai 1 ./(iistae) /lihertns). We give one of the sides and the reverse of the monument, as well as the bas-relief which decorates the principal face, — a scene which to the ancients was a picture uf future happiness (Museum of the Louvre, Frohner, op. cit. No. 373, pp. 342 et set/.). - Sec Vol. IV. pp. 112, note 3; 113, note 4 ; 134, notes 3 and 4 ; and 3 SEPULCHRAL CIPPUS OP A KRREDMAN (SEE P. 8, N. 1). THE FAMILY. 9 obtain In spite of these obstacles, many freedmen,escaping from servitude, obtained riches, but not Tacitusremarks with bitterness that the Germans knew how to keepin an inferior condition those parvenus who at Rome eclipsedthe oldest families with their insulting luxury, or, like Narcissusand Pallas, took advantage of their masters vices to govern The freedman became, according to circumstances — a citizen,without, however, possessing all the rights of the Roman by descent;i Junian Latin, whereby he lived as if free, but died a slave, hisestate going to his patron, as the peculium did to the master;4i peregrimus dediticius, who was prohibited from approaching , however, every trace of his former condition was oblit-erated, so that he could enjoy all the rights of citizenship and


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