Labrador, the country and the people . lies just north of the entrance to the nextfiord, that called Ryans Bay. This one has not been ex-plored by schooners. There is good anchorage on the northside, just beyond a great rampart of dark rock which runssoutherly, at right angles to the ridge just described. Onthis side of the fiord there is a notable beach of sand, oneof the very few sand beaches on the coast. It is a com-pound beach, being made up of successive terraces of sand,each terrace marking an old level of the sea; the wholeforms the clearest evidence of the recent emergence of thecoast


Labrador, the country and the people . lies just north of the entrance to the nextfiord, that called Ryans Bay. This one has not been ex-plored by schooners. There is good anchorage on the northside, just beyond a great rampart of dark rock which runssoutherly, at right angles to the ridge just described. Onthis side of the fiord there is a notable beach of sand, oneof the very few sand beaches on the coast. It is a com-pound beach, being made up of successive terraces of sand,each terrace marking an old level of the sea; the wholeforms the clearest evidence of the recent emergence of thecoast border from beneath the sea. There are numerous 62 LABBADOB remains of old Eskimo ^earth houses, sunk into theseraised beaches. The roofs have long since fallen in, butthe walls, built of boulders and banked with sand, werestill standing. The bay is said to run far inland, and re-ceives at its head a good-sized river plenteously supphedwith trout, a former food supply for the Eskimo. The mountains both to north and to south of Ryans. Fig. 6. Mountains to West-southwest looking over Ryans Bay Bay are alpine in character. The peaks are bare and sheer;one, rising to the southwest, reminded me strongly of theMatterhorn, though, of course, on a smaller scale (Figure6). Fifteen miles to the southward, or halfway betweenRyans Bay and Cape White Handkerchief, another large,double fiord opens. Owing to the large islands facing thisinlet, the fishermen have named it Seven Islands two divisions of the bay are called by the EskimoKomaktorvik and Kangalaksiorvik. The entrancemay be safely made by keeping the north side aboard;there is abundant good anchorage almost anywhere large, high island bearing to port is called Avagahk,or Whale Island. The entrance to the south of the islandsis partly blocked by shoals occurring near the islands. THE PHYSIOGRAPHY OF LABRADOR 63 These shoals are dangerous, especially as they are coveredwith black kelp; the average depth upon them i


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