. Introduction to the study of fungi, their organography, classification, and distribution for the use of collectors . bserved witha pocket lens, he appears not tohave suspected the presence ofbasidia in the Gastromycctes, whilsthe possessed such a remarkable in-tuition of the relationships of mostof the groups, that he placed thesetwo orders in juxtaposition. Montague and Berkeley w^ere thefirst to indicate the structure of the hymenium in the puff-balls, and demonstrate the presence of basidia.^ It will facilitate a comprehension of the terms employed inthis connection if we indicate the fea
. Introduction to the study of fungi, their organography, classification, and distribution for the use of collectors . bserved witha pocket lens, he appears not tohave suspected the presence ofbasidia in the Gastromycctes, whilsthe possessed such a remarkable in-tuition of the relationships of mostof the groups, that he placed thesetwo orders in juxtaposition. Montague and Berkeley w^ere thefirst to indicate the structure of the hymenium in the puff-balls, and demonstrate the presence of basidia.^ It will facilitate a comprehension of the terms employed inthis connection if we indicate the features of the hymeniumin Agaricus, in its old and broadest sense one of the generaof the Hymcnomycetcs, which may be accepted as the type ofthe rest. The various modifications of the hymenium inthe several families may be reserved for illustration whenthe Hymenomycetes come under special notice. It may bepremised that in the Agarics the hymenium or spore-bearing surface covers completely the thin membrane, whichis pleated and folded on the under side of the cap, and con-^ Amials of Nat. Hist., iv, (1840), p. Fig. 47.—Hymenial c^Wsoi Agaric,a, parapliyses ; 6, basidia; c,cystidia. NAKED-SPORED FUNGI—BASIDIOMYCETES 121 stitutes what are popularly termed the gills. The whole ofthis surface is covered with a layer of elongated cells, packedclosely side by side, and attached at the base. These hymenialcells are of three kinds intermixed, although regarded by someauthors as only variations or modifications of one type(Fig. 47). The most important of these cells are the fertileones, or those which bear the spores at the apex, and in factare the true hasidia. We may assume it to be generally truethat these basidia are more or less of a clavate, or club-shaped,form, narrowed a little at the base into the supporting hypha, andobtuse at the apex, where they are crowned with four delicate,short, spine-like processes—the sterigmata, each of which isultimately surmounted by a spo
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