Skull comparisons in phrenology. 19th-century artwork comparing differences in size of the labelled parts of the heads for two bulldogs (top) and two

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Skull comparisons in phrenology. 19th-century artwork comparing differences in size of the labelled parts of the heads for two bulldogs (top) and two horses (bottom). This artwork is from the 1825 third edition of 'Phrenology' by German phrenologist Johann Gaspar Spurzheim (1776-1832). Subtitled 'The doctrine of the mind: and of the relations between its manifestations and the body', this work was published in England by Charles Knight. Spurzheim popularised phrenology, the now discredited study of the bumps on the human skull. The claim was that this would reveal aspects of a person's character.

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Size: 3625px × 4856px
Photo credit: © KING'S COLLEGE LONDON/SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY / Alamy / Afripics
License: Licensed
Model Released: No

Keywords: 1, 159, 1800s, 1830s, 19th, animal, animals, artwork, biological, biology, bird, british, century, drawing, drawings, european, fauna, historical, history, illustration, macgillivray, natural, nature, ornithological, ornithology, passerine, plate, single, songbird, starling, sturnus, vulgaris, watercolour, wildlife, william, zoological, zoology