. The Composition of sea-water : comparative and descriptive oceanography. Seawater -- Composition. SECT. 3] EASTERN BOUNDARY CURRENTS 255 than those of comparable latitudes in the central region of the ocean. Season- ally, additional cold water is introduced along the coast by upwelling (see page 266), and, as a general rule, surface isotherms run more or less meridionally along eastern coasts in contrast to their zonal configuration farther west (Fig. 1). The manner in which the annual variation of surface temperature is affected by coastal boundary processes is discussed on page 269. 160° 1
. The Composition of sea-water : comparative and descriptive oceanography. Seawater -- Composition. SECT. 3] EASTERN BOUNDARY CURRENTS 255 than those of comparable latitudes in the central region of the ocean. Season- ally, additional cold water is introduced along the coast by upwelling (see page 266), and, as a general rule, surface isotherms run more or less meridionally along eastern coasts in contrast to their zonal configuration farther west (Fig. 1). The manner in which the annual variation of surface temperature is affected by coastal boundary processes is discussed on page 269. 160° 140° 120° 100" (a 60° 40° \ K \*^r^i±^ | 25—pdZff 20° r 0° "28° /-iiO -25° 7s* V Vio*_ 60° 2/ _/ / /^ (b) Fig. 1. Average surface temperature (°C) for July. (a) Pacific adapted from Meteorological Office (1956); (b) Atlantic adapted from Bohnecko (1936).. In some cases (California Current, Peru Current off Chile) the high latitudes from which these currents flow are regions where precipitation exceeds evapora- tion (see Dietrich and Kalle. 1957, fig. 73) so that surface waters are relatively fresh. Evaporation and mixing downstream then tend to increase surface salinity. In other cases (such as the Canary Current) evaporation exceeds precipitation in the source region, and surface salinities are high. Average surface salinities of the various currents are as follows: California Current Peru Current (off Peru) Peru Current (off Chile) Benguela Current Canarv Current less than to to less than less than to %0 less than to °4,. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Hill, M. N. (Maurice Neville), 1919-. New York : Interscience Pub.
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