. Distribution and abundance of fishes and invertebrates in Gulf of Mexico estuaries. Fishes -- Mexico, Gulf of; Estuaries -- Mexico, Gulf of. Gulf menhaden Brevoortia patronus Adult. 5 cm (from Fischer 1978) Common Name: gulf menhaden Scientific Name: Brevoortia patronus Other Common Names: Pogy, shad, large-scale men- haden, sardine, menhaden ecailleux (French), lacha escamuda (Spanish) (Fischer 1978, NOAA 1985). Classification (Robins et al. 1991) Phylum: Chordata Class: Osteichthyes Order: Clupeiformes Family: Clupeidae Value Commercial: The Gulf menhaden fishery dates back to the turn of
. Distribution and abundance of fishes and invertebrates in Gulf of Mexico estuaries. Fishes -- Mexico, Gulf of; Estuaries -- Mexico, Gulf of. Gulf menhaden Brevoortia patronus Adult. 5 cm (from Fischer 1978) Common Name: gulf menhaden Scientific Name: Brevoortia patronus Other Common Names: Pogy, shad, large-scale men- haden, sardine, menhaden ecailleux (French), lacha escamuda (Spanish) (Fischer 1978, NOAA 1985). Classification (Robins et al. 1991) Phylum: Chordata Class: Osteichthyes Order: Clupeiformes Family: Clupeidae Value Commercial: The Gulf menhaden fishery dates back to the turn of the century, and developed into a major industry after World War 11 (Lassuy 1983, Smith 1991). This is a unique American fishery that is vertically integrated, that is, menhaden processing companies generally own the vessels, the gear, the processing facilities, and often the spotter aircraft used to find the fish schools (Newlin 1993, Smith pers. comm.). Crews are hired to fish for the length of the fishing season. Although schools of Atlantic thread herring are occa- sionally harvested by this fishery, vessels are designed to fish specifically for menhaden, and are not convert- ible to other fisheries (Smith pers. comm.). Except for a few small bait purse-seiners, vessels from other fisheries do not "free-lance" and sell their catch to the menhaden plants. The gulf and Atlantic menhaden fisheries combined supported the second largest com- mercial landings by weight in 1995 (O'Bannon 1996). Landings of gulf menhaden in that year were 463,900 mt valued at $ million. Landings of gulf menhaden in 1996 have been estimated at 479,400 mt (Smith 1997). Traditionally the majority of the landings are taken in the north central Gulf of Mexico. Menhaden are harvested from April to October as they move into moreshallow inshore areasfromtheirwintering grounds on the middle part of the continental shelf (Lewis and Roithmayr 1981, Vaughan and Merriner 1991). Pres- ently, the gu
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