. Cyclopedia of farm crops : a popular survey of crops and crop-making methods in the United States and Canada. Agriculture -- Canada; Agriculture -- United States; Farm produce -- Canada; Farm produce -- United States. Fig. 905. Hessian fly (ilayetiola destructor),- adult female. (From Webster.). Fig. 906. Hessian fly; adult male. (From ilarlatt.) Fig. 907. Hessian fly; side view of female. (From Burgess.) ated by steam- or horse-power. Various devices calculated to reduce manual labor to a minimum are employed in this connection : self-feeders, band cutters, straw carriers, elevators and sac
. Cyclopedia of farm crops : a popular survey of crops and crop-making methods in the United States and Canada. Agriculture -- Canada; Agriculture -- United States; Farm produce -- Canada; Farm produce -- United States. Fig. 905. Hessian fly (ilayetiola destructor),- adult female. (From Webster.). Fig. 906. Hessian fly; adult male. (From ilarlatt.) Fig. 907. Hessian fly; side view of female. (From Burgess.) ated by steam- or horse-power. Various devices calculated to reduce manual labor to a minimum are employed in this connection : self-feeders, band cutters, straw carriers, elevators and sackers are all used, and even attachments to bale the straw for market directly from the thresher. By far the larger part of the wheat crop in the United States is cut by the binder and threshed directly from the field. Enemies. Insects.—The wheat plant has many enemies to contend with in the form of insect pests, fungous diseases and weeds of many sorts. The two most injurious insect enemies are the chinch-bug and the Hessian fly (Figs. 905-907). The annual losses caused by these two pests in the wheat-fields of the United States is beyond estimate, but will run into millions of dollars. Remedies to counteract their ravages are largely preventive ; in the case of the chinch-bug, by clean tillage and rotation of crops, and of the Hessian fly by late seeding, burn- ing stubble and otherwise hindering the propaga- tion of the brood. Other insect pests may at times cause local damage to the wheat crop, but are of less importance. Diseases.—Two rusts commonly occur on wheat, the early orange leaf-rust (Puccinia ruhigo-vera) and the late stem-rust {Puccinia graminis, occurring also on oats). These rusts may also destroy the crop within a few days. Rust is now being con- trolled by growing resistant varieties. Of wheat smuts there are two: The loose smut (Ustilago tritici) matures its spores at blossoming time, the then drain and dry. Care must be taken to apply the solution to all
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