. Electric railway journal . ghtby the workmen to the fire, to the cooling water spray andtub, to the horizontal swinging upsetting rammer or underthe steam hammer as the progress of the work may require. THE WELDING PROCESS The stump of the broken shaft of the disabled armatureshown in Fig. 1 is 10 in. long, as the break, in most cases,is under the inside end of the pinion. This stump isintroduced into the fire through a small aperture in thesheet-iron side of the blacksmiths high-pressure portableoil furnace. This furnace consists of an air-atomized,air-propelled and air-fed stream of liquid
. Electric railway journal . ghtby the workmen to the fire, to the cooling water spray andtub, to the horizontal swinging upsetting rammer or underthe steam hammer as the progress of the work may require. THE WELDING PROCESS The stump of the broken shaft of the disabled armatureshown in Fig. 1 is 10 in. long, as the break, in most cases,is under the inside end of the pinion. This stump isintroduced into the fire through a small aperture in thesheet-iron side of the blacksmiths high-pressure portableoil furnace. This furnace consists of an air-atomized,air-propelled and air-fed stream of liquid fuel which flamesforth from the burner. On encountering the baffle formedby the brick-lined sides of the hollow cubical furnace theblaze fills the fire box with an incandescent mass of steel shaft is therefore submerged in conflicting wavesof flame which are of great intensity and yet are undersuch control that in ten minutes a 3%-in. shaft can bebrought to a white heat for most of its length with per-fect Fig. 6—San Francisco Welding—Armature Shaft Readyfor Machining California fuel oil is used in this furnace. According toJ. H. Stott, engineer of steam equipment, this oil has anasphaltum base, a specific gravity of , or , a calorific value of 18,700 per pound,weighs 333 lb. per barrel and costs to-day 67 cents perbarrel delivered. This product is not a crude oil, but adistillate which has passed through the still once. Itsviscosity is lower and its calorific value greater than thecrude oil. When fully heated the shaft is transferred from the fireto the water tub. There it is hosed generously in theneck next to the hood while being revolved slowly toprevent the heat from passing to the interior of the shaft is also cooled off partially by hosing at theouter end so that when upset the metal will not mushroomup too abruptly at the extreme end. Next the armatureis swung opposite a 100-lb. horizontal suspended
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