Islamic Map of the Geocentric Universe
Al-Qazwini subscribed to the geocentric model of the universe, devised by the Hellenistic scholar Claudius Ptolemy who lived in Alexandria in the 2nd century. According to this model, there were nine heavenly spheres surrounding the earth, each containing a celestial body, including the sun, moon, planets, and fixed stars. The Kitab Aja'ib al-makhluqat wa Gharaib al-Mawjudat, usually known as "The Cosmography" or "The Wonders of Creation," was compiled in the 13th century in what is now Iran or Iraq and is considered one of the most important natural history texts of the medieval Islamic world. The author Abu Yahya Zakariya ibn Muhammad ibn Mahmud-al-Qazwini (1203-1283), known simply as al-Qazwini, was one of the most noted natural historians, geographers and encyclopedists of the period. At the very end, the scribe has written a colophon praising Allah again and stating that he finished copying this manuscript in 1537.
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