Cyclopedia of heating, plumbing and sanitation; a complete reference work . Fig. 55. Interior Mechanism of Radiator Shown in Fig. 54. manner shown in Fig. 57, which represents an end view of severalactions connected together with special nipples. A very efficient form of indirect heater may be made up ofwrought-iron pipe joined together with branch tees and return bends. h.: 71 HEATING AND VENTILATION A heater like that shown in Fig. 58 i- known a- a box roil Ik effi-ciency is increased if tin- pipes are staggered- thai is, if the pipes inalternate rows arc placed over the spaces between those
Cyclopedia of heating, plumbing and sanitation; a complete reference work . Fig. 55. Interior Mechanism of Radiator Shown in Fig. 54. manner shown in Fig. 57, which represents an end view of severalactions connected together with special nipples. A very efficient form of indirect heater may be made up ofwrought-iron pipe joined together with branch tees and return bends. h.: 71 HEATING AND VENTILATION A heater like that shown in Fig. 58 i- known a- a box roil Ik effi-ciency is increased if tin- pipes are staggered- thai is, if the pipes inalternate rows arc placed over the spaces between those in the rowbelow. Efficiency of Heaters. The efficiency of an indirect heater. Pin Radial ally Adapted for Warming Large Volumes ol Air by Either Steam or Hoi Wat* r. depends upon its form, tin1 difference in temperature between thesteam and the surrounding air, and the velocity with which the airpasses over the heater. Under ordinary conditions in dwelling-housework, a good form of indirect radiator will give off about 2 B. T. square foot per hour foreach degree difference in tem-perature between the strainand the enteringair. Assum-ing a .-team pressure of 2pounds and an outside tem-perature of zero, we shouldhave a difference in tempera-ture of about 220 degrees,which, under the conditionsstated, would give an efficiencyof 220 X 2 = 440 B. T. hour for each square footof radiation. By making a similar computation for 10 degrees be-low zero, we find the efficiency to be 400. In the same manner wemay calculate the efficiency for varying conditions of steam pressureand outside temperature. In the case of schoolhouses and similarbuildings where large v
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