. The Bell System technical journal . te the counting of one to eleven pulses; the use of a driving sourceconsisting of a single break-make (or transfer) contact with ground onthe ai-mature spring; and outputs as follows: 1. Count of 1 tiirough 10: ground on two of the 0, 1, 2, 4, 7 outputleads ill the combination corresponding to the count. 2. Count of 10: ground on the ZO lead. 3. Count of 11: ground on the 0 lead only (this is a trouble-detectingfeature). In adchtion, the design of the steering and register-storage circuitreciuires that no output leads be connected together until the second
. The Bell System technical journal . te the counting of one to eleven pulses; the use of a driving sourceconsisting of a single break-make (or transfer) contact with ground onthe ai-mature spring; and outputs as follows: 1. Count of 1 tiirough 10: ground on two of the 0, 1, 2, 4, 7 outputleads ill the combination corresponding to the count. 2. Count of 10: ground on the ZO lead. 3. Count of 11: ground on the 0 lead only (this is a trouble-detectingfeature). In adchtion, the design of the steering and register-storage circuitreciuires that no output leads be connected together until the secondpulse is received. Furthermore, each relay is limited to a combination ofsimple make and break contacts not exceeding a total of twelve. This uti-lizes the maximum number of springs obtainable on presently availablerela3\s and also avoids the larger armatiue gaps imposed by transferswhich would result in a reduction in the relay speed of operation. Speedrequirements also do not permit the use of shunt release in the COUNTER RELAY COILS AND ASSOCIATED CONTACTS FOR PRODUCING REQUIRED OPERATING SEQUENCE TRANSLATOR CONTACTS ON COUNTER RELAYS FOR TRANSLATING RELAY SETTINGS TO DESIRED OUTPUT CODE FORM rrrrr - VIA STEERING CIRCUIT TO4 > REGISTER ORSTORAGECIRCUIT b_ Fig. 1—The schematic of a portion of a dial pulse register circuit for countingdecimal code pulses and translating them to two out of five signals. (In thesymbolism used in the illustrations a cross indicates a make contact and avertical bar indicates a break contact.) 284 THE BELL SYSTEM TECHNICAL JOURNAL, MARCH 1952 THEORY OF A MINIMUM RELAY COUNTER The counting circuit under consideration does not contemplate theuse of any circuit elements other than relays that react to the beginningor end of a pulse. Therefore it must establish a distinct combination ofrelays operated or released during and between successive pulses. Theminimum number of ordinary two-position relays, R, reciuired tocount P pulse
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