. Acadian geology : the geological structure, organic remains, and mineral resources of Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and Prince Edward Island. Geology -- New Brunswick; Geology -- Nova Scotia; Geology -- Prince Edward Island; Paleontology -- New Brunswick; Paleontology -- Nova Scotia; Paleontology -- Prince Edward Island. 182 THE CARBONIFEKOUS SYSTEM. beds were being gradually accumulated by the growth and death of animals. In the highest of these beds of mud, which probably restored Fig. 31.—Fossils from Jjttuminous Limestone—Jo/jgins. Cypris, (a) natural Ganoid Scales. tlie whole area
. Acadian geology : the geological structure, organic remains, and mineral resources of Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and Prince Edward Island. Geology -- New Brunswick; Geology -- Nova Scotia; Geology -- Prince Edward Island; Paleontology -- New Brunswick; Paleontology -- Nova Scotia; Paleontology -- Prince Edward Island. 182 THE CARBONIFEKOUS SYSTEM. beds were being gradually accumulated by the growth and death of animals. In the highest of these beds of mud, which probably restored Fig. 31.—Fossils from Jjttuminous Limestone—Jo/jgins. Cypris, (a) natural Ganoid Scales. tlie whole area to the state of a swamp, trees took I'oot and were buried by an irruption of sand, in which they, as well as an under- growth of Calamites, still stand in an erect position. I have dwelt at some length on this subdivision, not that there is anything very remarkable in its structure, but that its appearances will help to explain others that succeed. It is evident that when read in the liglit of modern geology, they tell a very intelligible tale, and show us that the circumstances in which these coal-rocks were formed were similar to those which we have found to exist on a small scale in the modern marshes of the Bay of Fundy; and also to those more extensive changes which occur in the deltas of great rivers, such as the Mississippi and the Ganges, in which low alluvial flats have often been alternately covered with water and with a dense swamp-vege- tation. Let the reader also observe, that in this group of the Joggins beds, we have at least five successive soil-surfaces, four of them suffi- ciently permanent to permit the accumulation on tliemof peaty vegetable soils; and about four feet nine inches of calcareous beds, mostly made up of animal remains. The lapse of time required for the accumulation of this group alone must thus have been vastly greater than that necessary for the production of the modern marsh formation with its one fossil soil. It will also be observed th
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