. A short history of England and the British Empire. IX HE EVE OF THE PROTESTANT REVOLT. 1485-1527 190. The Tudor Dynasty: Henry VII. With the comingof the Tudors to the English throne, the transition from medie-Beginning of va* to m°dern conditions in England was near-the modern ing its end. Closer fellowship had developed, notpeno only between provinces, but between nations. Commerce had grownimmensely and new in-terests were beingdeveloped which all civi-lization was coming toshare. The Renaissancewas at its height: theenthusiasm of the Italianscholar had spread to thelands north of the Alp
. A short history of England and the British Empire. IX HE EVE OF THE PROTESTANT REVOLT. 1485-1527 190. The Tudor Dynasty: Henry VII. With the comingof the Tudors to the English throne, the transition from medie-Beginning of va* to m°dern conditions in England was near-the modern ing its end. Closer fellowship had developed, notpeno only between provinces, but between nations. Commerce had grownimmensely and new in-terests were beingdeveloped which all civi-lization was coming toshare. The Renaissancewas at its height: theenthusiasm of the Italianscholar had spread to thelands north of the Alpsand across the was beingstudied as never before,and new worlds were onthe point of the immediate futurelay great changes thatcould come throughrevolution only; and thegreat task of the Tudorswas to carry the nationthrough this revolution with the least possible disturbance anddanger to the kingdom. When he seized the English throne, Henry VII was onlytwenty-eight years old, but he was thoroughly matured, highly 214. Henry VIIFrom an engraving by J. Robert. THE YORKIST PRETENDERS 215 experienced, and carefully schooled. Most of his lessons, how-ever, had been learned in prison and in exile; still,they were important for the future of all essential respects, Henry Tudor was a modern king. Heshowed, it is true, some of the medieval fondness for the churchand selected his chief advisers from the clerical order; but thiscould scarcely be avoided, as nearly all the choice Tudorintellects of the land were still to be found in the of the church. He had, however, none of the medievalpassion for conquest and warfare. His policy aimed at domes-tic quiet and peace with the nations of the neighborhood. Thefirst Tudor was not a lovable man: he had no endearing quali-ties; he was cold, suspicious, and grasping. But he possessedevident business abilities; he was cautious in his dealings withhis subjects as with his royal neighbors. Unli
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