. Text-book of anatomy and physiology for nurses. the lower ends of the condyles, and in ARTICULATIONS OF THE LOWER EXTREMITY. 67 kneeling the condyles rest upon it. The elasticity of the great muscles to whichthe patellar tendon belongs, allows very free motion and at the same time keepsthe patella always in place close to the condyles. Bursae.—There are several small cavities called bursae, the use of whichis to prevent friction in the tissue outside the knee-joint. They usually com-municate with the joint. The largest one is, however, subcutaneous, beingin front of the patella between it an
. Text-book of anatomy and physiology for nurses. the lower ends of the condyles, and in ARTICULATIONS OF THE LOWER EXTREMITY. 67 kneeling the condyles rest upon it. The elasticity of the great muscles to whichthe patellar tendon belongs, allows very free motion and at the same time keepsthe patella always in place close to the condyles. Bursae.—There are several small cavities called bursae, the use of whichis to prevent friction in the tissue outside the knee-joint. They usually com-municate with the joint. The largest one is, however, subcutaneous, beingin front of the patella between it and the skin. (Fig. 62 and page 77.) Surgical note.—This prepatellar bursa is subject to frequentpressure and easily becomes inflamed and enlarged, making theso-called housemaids knee. Ankle-joint, (hinge-joint).—Articular surfaces on the medialand lateral malleoli and the body of the talus. They are connectedby anterior, posterior, medial, and lateral ligaments. Tendo AchillisTalus Vessels and nerve Scaphoid First cuneiformFirst metatarial. CalcaneusMuscles of plantar region Fig. 64.—Medial Border of Right Foot, Showing Bones in Position.—(Morris.) The medial is often called the deltoid ligament, from its shape i like theGreek letter delta, and the lateral ligament is in three distinct bands, the anterior,middle, and posterior. Motions.—Flexion, extension, and slight abduction and adduction;also lifting the medial border, or eversion, and lifting the lateralborder, or inversion. Notes.—The transverse ligament is a special band behind the talus, connecting the two malleoli, to prevent backward dislocation of foot in jumping, running, etc. There is no motion of the lower extremity which corresponds to supination 68 ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY FOR NURSES. in the upper, the whole extremity being in the permanently pronated position,which brings the great toe toward the median line of the body, or on the medialborder of the foot. (The thumb is on the lateral border of the ha
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