Notices of the proceedings at the meetings of the members of the Royal Institution of Great Britain with abstracts of the discourses . n the first moments a littleexcess of chlorine enters the water. By this the water is chargednegatively, and the solution under it positively, so that the sodium Lithium Cadmium Ammonium Zinc Potassium Nickel MagnesiumCopperHydrogenAluminium Fig. 8. ions are driven out from the solution with a greater force than I thechlorine ions. As soon as that force is 1*4 times greater than this,the chlorine ions travel just as slowly as the sodium ions. It is notdifficult
Notices of the proceedings at the meetings of the members of the Royal Institution of Great Britain with abstracts of the discourses . n the first moments a littleexcess of chlorine enters the water. By this the water is chargednegatively, and the solution under it positively, so that the sodium Lithium Cadmium Ammonium Zinc Potassium Nickel MagnesiumCopperHydrogenAluminium Fig. 8. ions are driven out from the solution with a greater force than I thechlorine ions. As soon as that force is 1*4 times greater than this,the chlorine ions travel just as slowly as the sodium ions. It is notdifficult to calculate that this case happens as soon as the chlorineion is contained in the water in an excess of about the billionth partof a milligramme over the equivalent quantity of sodium. This ex-tremely minute quantity we should in vain try to detect by chemicalmeans. By electrical means it succeeds pretty well, as Nernst hasdemonstrated experimentally for his concentration elements. There-fore, the said objection is valid against the hypothesis of a commondissociation of the salts, but not against a dissociation into ions, that. 1904.] on Development of the Theory of Electrolytic Dissociation. 563 are charged with electricity, as Faradays law demands. Probablythis objection has hindered an earlier acceptance of a dissociatedstate of the electrolytes, to which, for instance, Valson and Bartoliinclined. The gaseous laws that are valid for dilute solutions, have madethe calculation of the degree of dissociation possible in a greatnumber of cases. The first application of that nature was made byOstwald, who showed that the dissociation equilibrium between theions and the non-dissociated part of a weak acid obeys very nearlythe gaseous laws. The same was afterwards demonstrated to be truefor weak bases by Bredig. The strongly dissociated electrolytes,chiefly salts, exhibit even iu dilute solutions (over 0*05 normal) Acetate Chlorate Benzoate Chloride Sulphamiate Nitrate Phtalamido-
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