. Transactions of the Institution of Mining Engineers . 1921-1922.] ROBERTS CARBONIZATION OF COAL AT LOW TEMPERATURE. 21 Suitability of Coah for Low-temperature Carbonization.—In theordinary way, swelling coals should be avoided; but if advantage is takenof the above-mentioned processes, any swelling coal may be used success-fully. The cokes shown in Fig. 10 were obtained from, the followingcoals :—Parkgate (a), Thorncliffe (b), No. 2 Rhondda (c). Big Kock {d),Silkstone (e), and Haigh Moor (/). Many other coals have also been. tried, and with similar results; in fact, practically all English a
. Transactions of the Institution of Mining Engineers . 1921-1922.] ROBERTS CARBONIZATION OF COAL AT LOW TEMPERATURE. 21 Suitability of Coah for Low-temperature Carbonization.—In theordinary way, swelling coals should be avoided; but if advantage is takenof the above-mentioned processes, any swelling coal may be used success-fully. The cokes shown in Fig. 10 were obtained from, the followingcoals :—Parkgate (a), Thorncliffe (b), No. 2 Rhondda (c). Big Kock {d),Silkstone (e), and Haigh Moor (/). Many other coals have also been. tried, and with similar results; in fact, practically all English andWelsh coals, excepting anthracite, can be used with success. Of course,coals low in volatiles, especially if of good quality, would not be used onaccount of the low yield of bye-products. Moreover, the resulting semi-coke is really too dense in structure. In Fig. 12 is shown the productobtained from a coal of low volatile matter. It would hardly be coi-rect 22 TRANSACTIONS INSTITUTION OF MINING ENGINEERS. [VoL. LXII. to describe this as a coke, as it is devoid of cellular structure. Itpossesses more of the characteristics of anthracite, both as regards lustreand hardness, and may be said to be sub-anthracitic. The bright outerzone is also seen in this specimen. In order to test the crushing-strength of this coke, a test-piece havingthe following dimensions was cut from it and tested in an Adie testing-machine adjusted for making crushing-tests :—Depth of specimen, 1^inches; maximum area, 09 square inch; minimum are
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