. Minor surgery and bandaging; including the treatment of fractures and dislocations, the ligation of arteries, amputations, excisions and resections, intestinal anastomosis, operations upon nerves and tendons, tracheotomy, intubation of the larynx, point where complete mus-cular relaxation is produced. The resistance offered bythe changed relations of the articular surfaces and theligaments is to be overcome by the surgeon making suchmanipulations, founded upon his knowledge of the anat-omy of the parts, as will make the ligaments, muscles, andbones assist in the reduction of the disloc
. Minor surgery and bandaging; including the treatment of fractures and dislocations, the ligation of arteries, amputations, excisions and resections, intestinal anastomosis, operations upon nerves and tendons, tracheotomy, intubation of the larynx, point where complete mus-cular relaxation is produced. The resistance offered bythe changed relations of the articular surfaces and theligaments is to be overcome by the surgeon making suchmanipulations, founded upon his knowledge of the anat-omy of the parts, as will make the ligaments, muscles, andbones assist in the reduction of the dislocation. In recent dislocations, by the use of extension andmanipulation, especially if an anaesthetic be employed,the reduction is usually accomplished without the use ofmuch force; but in old dislocations, where absolute mus- SPECIA L DISLOCATIONS. 413 cular shortening lias taken place, the use of extendingbands is often required, and in securing these bands to thelimb the clove-hitch knot is useful (Fig. 304). The treatment of dislocations after reduction consistsin placing the joint at complete rest by the application ofsuitable splints and bandages, and in treating any inflam-matory complications, if they arise, by the application of Fig. Clove-hitch knot applied. (Erichsen.) evaporating lotions, and in a week or two, after the injuredligaments have been repaired, passive motion should beresorted to for restoring the function of the joint. SPECIAL DISLOCATIONS. Dislocations of the Vertebrae.—Dislocations of thelumbar and dorsal vertebrce, as simple dislocations, are ex-tremely rare accidents ; they are occasionally met with, butare more often associated with fractures of the vertebrae inthese regions. Uncomplicated dislocations of the cervicalvertebras are more common. The treatment of dislocationsof the vertebra?, whether complicated with fracture or not,consists in attempting reduction by making extension andcounter-extension with manipulation, and by this means,in
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