An academic physiology and hygiene .. . to the action of the gas-tric juice\ the acid fluid which Dr. Beaumont saw exudingfrom the mucous membrane of the stomach of St. 1 In 1822 a Canadian named Alexis St. Martin, employed by a fur-trading com-pany, received a severe wound in the left side, by the accidental discharge of a was attended by Dr. Beaumont, and his health was finally completely restored,trange to say, there was left an opening into the stomach, about four-fifthsof an inch in diameter, closed by a flap of membrane which could be pushed Beaumont kept St. M
An academic physiology and hygiene .. . to the action of the gas-tric juice\ the acid fluid which Dr. Beaumont saw exudingfrom the mucous membrane of the stomach of St. 1 In 1822 a Canadian named Alexis St. Martin, employed by a fur-trading com-pany, received a severe wound in the left side, by the accidental discharge of a was attended by Dr. Beaumont, and his health was finally completely restored,trange to say, there was left an opening into the stomach, about four-fifthsof an inch in diameter, closed by a flap of membrane which could be pushed Beaumont kept St. Martin in his employment for several years, made huudredsof observations upon him, noticed the effects of various kinds of food, and ascertainedthe time required to change it into chyme. Dr. Beaumont was the first, and formany years the only, person v.;. .the interior of the stomach in a living 206 ACADEMIC PHYSIOLOGY. This fluid is colorless, slightly viscid, and invariably two important or essential elements are hydrochloric. Fig. 41. The Stomach laid open in a, the oesophagus ox gullet; b, the pylorus ; c, the bile duct extending from the liver; d, thegallbladder; e, the duodenum; f, the pancreatic duct; g, the small intestine; S, thestomachy showing the/olds (or rugce) of the inner coat or mucous membrane. or lactic acid, and an organic ingredient which, on analysis,is found to be highly nitrogenous, and which is calledpepsin. If the juice be deprived of these constituents, man ; and to his observations we owe much of our knowledge of stomach upon animals have also aided greatly in determining the laws of •digestion. DIGESTION. 207 it becomes incapable of performing its office in the diges-tion of food. 7. The gastric juice serves to dissolve and to transformthe nitrogenous matters of food, such as albumen, fibrin,casein (lean meat, the white of eggs, the gluten of wheat,etc.), converting them into substances, termed pepton
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