. China, her history, diplomacy, and commerce, from the earliest times to the present day . have entered the pilgrims head. Thence hewent on to Talas (modern Aulie-ata), White-water City (Ak-su, or white water, nearTchimkend), to modern Nudjkend and Tash-kend, Samarcand, Kesch, the Iron Gates (Der-bend), Tokhara, Balkh, Bamian, and on toKapisa. Here he not only brings us to theregion discovered by Chang Kien in his searchfor the Yiieh-chi or Indo-Scythian nomads drivenaway by the Hiung-nu, and which is also nearthe old Greek and Parthian frontier of Margiana,but he tells us stories of Kanishka
. China, her history, diplomacy, and commerce, from the earliest times to the present day . have entered the pilgrims head. Thence hewent on to Talas (modern Aulie-ata), White-water City (Ak-su, or white water, nearTchimkend), to modern Nudjkend and Tash-kend, Samarcand, Kesch, the Iron Gates (Der-bend), Tokhara, Balkh, Bamian, and on toKapisa. Here he not only brings us to theregion discovered by Chang Kien in his searchfor the Yiieh-chi or Indo-Scythian nomads drivenaway by the Hiung-nu, and which is also nearthe old Greek and Parthian frontier of Margiana,but he tells us stories of Kanishka, King ofGandhara, 40, who was himself one of theKushan or Indo-Scythian monarchs; theirappearance, as judged from the coins of theirruler Kadphises, is distinctly Turkish. Whenhe passed through, the old Tokhara or Haia-thala empire of the Oxus had already beenshattered by the Turks. He gives us quite along account of his travels and experiences inboth North and South India, whence, afterinnumerable interesting experiences, he returns,via Taxila, Kapisa, the Hindu Kush, and Andrab,. 700] CHINESE PRIEST PILGRIMS 65 to the Oxus ; whence again through Shignanand the Pamirs, past Lake Victoria, over themountains to Khavanda, an old state whichcannot be far from modern Kashgar : theEmperor himself went out to the city gate towitness his triumphant return. This voyageoccupied seventeen years, and it is interestingto note that about ten years after that (655-60)the capital of Tokhara was made by the ChineseEmperor, Yiieh-chi Fu, or the city of theYiieh-chi nomads, who had been driven thither800 years earlier. The King of Tokhara, asfriend of the Nestorians and head of the anti-Arab party, about this time sent a map to China,with a request that the Arab conquests betweenKhotan and Persia might be taken under Chineseprotection. These two are by no means the only priestswho made important journeys. A work by thebonze I-tsing (643-713), who had himself wan-dered to Sumatra, Mala
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